基于耗散结构理论的千岛湖旅游地演化过程及机制

从耗散结构理论的视角,认为千岛湖旅游地是以外部自然与社会经济环境为支撑,以吸引物子系统、设施子系统、服务子系统和支持子系统为基础的旅游地耗散结构系统(TDSS)。分析了其演化过程,认为从1959 年新安江水库建成到1981 年“富春江-新安江”被确定为国家首批重点风景名胜区,千岛湖旅游系统处于萌芽状态,各子系统尚未完善成形;1982 年至1994 年为系统形成期,各子系统发展逐渐完善,旅游系统整体效应开始初步显现;从1995 年起,千岛湖旅游地系统进入发展期,各子系统基本上发育成熟完善,子系统之间相互作用明显,系统的整体效应显著;2000 年以后,千岛湖旅游地系统处于优化发展状态,各子系统之间进一步协调发展,旅游系统整体效应大大增强,并推动了旅游地的转型发展。探讨了其演化机制,认为旅游地系统演化的本质是耗散结构的负熵输入过程,系统要素的非线性作用是其演化动力,并通过基于外部环境和政府主导的中心控制的系统他组织与基于供给与需求、人地关系、区域协调以及利益主体平衡四类非线性作用的系统自组织而实现。

The Course and Mechanism of Evolution about Qiandao Lake Based on the Theory of Dissipative Structure

From the perspective of dissipative structure theory, the article considered Qiandao lake tourism destination as a dissipative structure for the support of natural and socio-economic environment, including the attraction subsystem, the infrastructure subsystem, the service subsystem and the subsystem of support. The article tries to reveal the evolution of the destination. From 1959 to 1981, Qiandao lake tourism system was in the embryonic statement when each subsystem had not been formed; the next 12 years experienced the formation process when the subsystems were gradually improved, the overall effects of tourism system began to appear. The period 1995-2000 was the development process, subsystems became mature and there were significant interactions between each subsystem, the overall effect of the system were gradually improved. After 2000, Qiandao lake tourism system was in the better-improving state, and all subsystems are coordinating to impel the most benefit under the whole system. The article analyzed the dynamic mechanism of the evolution and considered the essence of the evolution as a negative entropy input process of the dissipative structure. The nonlinear interaction between the elements of the system was the power of evolution through the heter-organization based on the environment and the control of the government, and the self-organization based on the nonlinear interactions of supply and demand, the man-land relationship, the coordination of regions and the balance of different stakeholders to be realized.