邢台地区微波辐射计与无线电探空仪数据对比分析

利用2018年1月至2019年12月河北省中南部地区的微波辐射计和探空数据，将两种探测设备取得的资料在时间和空间上进行点对点匹配，共筛选出187条晴空廓线、1176条云天廓线和12条毛毛雨天廓线，定量分析了各个高度层的晴天、云天和毛毛雨天气条件下两种大气探测设备的温度、相对湿度和水汽密度廓线的相关性及误差情况。结果表明：3种天气条件下的微波辐射计与无线电探空仪温度和水汽密度的相关性整体较好，地基微波辐射计观测的大气参数分布存在不同程度的差异，但是微波辐射计和探空的变化趋势一致性较好，并且无线电探空仪观测的大气参数和微波辐射计反演的温度、相对湿度和水汽密度相关性整体上均呈现低层大气优于高层大气，温度相关性最好，水汽密度次之，相对湿度最低。通过对比各个高度层的拟合程度，发现3.5 km以下的低层大气参数精度更可靠，对于需要间接计算的大气物理量，如K指数、有效位能、积分水汽含量等，使用低层数据计算的大气物理量精度会更好。本文开展的地基微波辐射计反演的大气物理参数与探空仪观测对比研究工作，对提高微波辐射计在大气物理和人工影响天气的探测精度方面具有参考意义。

Comparative Analysis of Microwave Radiometer and Radiosonde Measurements in Xingtai Area

Based on the microwave radiometer and radiosonde data from January 2018 to December 2019 in the central and southern Hebei Province, this paper makes point to point matching of the data obtained by the two kinds of detection equipment in time and space. A total of 187 clear sky profiles, 1176 cloud sky profiles and 12 drizzle sky profiles are screened. The correlation and error of the temperature, relative humidity, and water vapour density profiles are quantitatively analysed from the two kinds of atmospheric detection equipment under the clear sky, cloud sky, and drizzle weather conditions in each altitude layer. The results show that temperature and water vapour density correlation between microwave radiometer and radiosonde is desirable. The distributions of atmospheric parameters observed by ground based microwave radiometer are different. Still, the trends of microwave radiometers and radiosonde are consistent. The correlation between the atmospheric parameters observed by radiosonde and the temperature, relative humidity and water vapour density retrieved by microwave radiometer shows that the results in the lower atmosphere is better than those in the upper atmosphere; the temperature correlation is the best, the water vapour density is the second and the relative humidity is the lowest. By comparing the fitting degree of each altitude layer, it is found that the accuracy of atmospheric parameters below 3.5 km is more reliable. For the atmospheric physical quantities that need to be calculated indirectly, such as K index, effective potential energy, integral water content, etc., the accuracy of atmospheric physical quantities calculated by using low level data is better. The comparison of atmospheric physical parameters retrieved by ground based microwave radiometers and radiosonde observation in this paper has reference significance for improving the detection accuracy of microwave radiometers in Atmospheric Physics and weather modification researches.