安徽淮北平原史前文化遗址Thiessen多边形分析

通过生成遗址点的Thiessen多边形,结合应用小多边形的概念及理论,综合分析了安徽淮北平原地区史前文化遗址的聚集状况以及该地区在石山子文化时期、大汶口文化时期和龙山文化时期的农业状况、生存环境及交通等特征。结果表明:用Thiessen多边形空间分析方法可以有效确定聚落中心,并合理推测史前时期农业、生存环境和交通等人地关系状况。从石山子到龙山文化时期,小多边形数量不断增加反映出聚落聚集程度和文化交流水平的提高,大汶口和龙山文化时期淮北平原中部明显是区域内聚落的中心,且多边形中心到边的距离逐渐减小说明先民对农业的依赖程度及农业发展水平也在不断提高。淮北平原史前文化发展受环境变化影响,从石山子到龙山文化时期,气候条件逐渐趋于干旱,沼泽萎缩,气温变化不大,这种环境条件十分有利于先民的生产生活,不仅遗址和小多边形数量不断增多,而且在平原中部和淮河干流沿岸地区出现了多个遗址群和聚落中心,史前文化蓬勃发展,人类适应自然和改造自然的能力提高。从小多边形的分布方向也可以推断出西北—东南向古水系对淮北平原史前遗址之间的交通起控制作用。

Thiessen Polygon Analysis of Prehistoric Cultural Sites in the Huaibei Plain of Anhui Province

According to the generated Thiessen polygon of prehistoric cultural sites,combining with small polygon's concept and theory,this paper analyzed the gathered status of these sites in the Huaibei Plain,Anhui Province.And then the features of agriculture,environment and transportation were also discussed in the Shishanzi cultural period,Dawenkou cultural period and Longshan cultural period,respectively.The results show that the method of Thiessen polygon analysis can effectively ascertain the settlement centre of this area,and it also can make reasonable conjecture of man-land relationships,such as the status of agriculture,environment and transportation in the prehistoric era.From the Shishanzi cultural period to the Longshan cultural period,a growing number of small polygons show enhancement of gathered degree and cultural communication standards.In the Dawenkou cultural period and the Longshan cultural period,the central part of Huaibei Plain was the settlement centre,and the distance from the Thiessen polygon's centrality to the edge was decreasing,suggesting that the ancients' dependence of agriculture and development conditions were improving continually.The development of prehistoric cultures was also affected by environmental changes in the Huaibei Plain.From the Shishanzi cultural period to the Longshan cultural period,climate tended to be dry,and the marsh shrunk.There was little change in temperature.This environmental condition was beneficial to ancients' lives and productions.Not only cultural sites and small polygons increased constantly,but also groups of sites and settlement's centre appeared in the central part of plain and areas along the main stream of Huaihe River.Prehistoric culture developed vigorously,and ancients' abilities to adapt to environment and transform nature were improving.From the NW-SE direction of small polygons' distribution,it also can infer the ancient rivers' control to the transportation in the Huaibei Plain.