新疆文化遗址时空演变与人地关系

运用Arc GIS空间分析、耦合分析方法研究新疆432处文化遗址的时空演变及人地关系。结果表明:(1)新疆文化遗址以集聚模式分布于4个遗址集聚带、12个组群,呈现出"空间组群、线(带)状分布"的空间格局,其空间分布格局主要受控于自然环境;(2)不同历史时期中央政权经略西域策略的改变使得新疆的经济和政治重心发生转移,文化遗址分布重心轨迹呈"北→南→北"演变的规律,其时间上的演变较多地受人文因素的控制;(3)从旧石器时代至近现代,新疆文化遗址的变化经历了萌芽、发展、上升、繁荣、下降、巅峰6个阶段,遗址的盛衰演化与历史时期自然气候环境的变化、人文要素的兴衰等有良好的耦合关系。在人地关系地域系统内部及系统与外界环境之间的各个要素组合优良时期,政权强盛,屯垦发展,丝路繁荣,气候适宜,文化遗址增长迅猛(如西汉、隋唐)。

Spatial-temporal Changes and Man-land Relationship of Cultural Heritage Sites in Xinjiang

Based on the study of Xinjiang 432 cultural heritage sites in this paper,nearest neighbor index(NNI) analysis and spatial analysis of ArcGIS were performed to examine the spatial-temporal changes of the sites,and assesses man-land relationship.Results indicate that:① The cultural heritage sites of Xinjiang belonged to causal distributional pattern,with the 12 causal distribution regions and 4 cultural heritage sites distributional bands.The spatial distributional pattern may be best characterized as "spatial agglomeration,linear distribution",and it mainly controlled by the natural environments.② The central government paied attention to South Xinjiang before the Five Dynasties,but the center of government ruling Xinjiang had transformed into prefer North Xinjiang to South Xinjiang since the Yuan Dynasty.With the changes of strategies of ruling the Western Regions from central regimes in different historical periods,the governments had shifted the political and economic centers,leading to the law of pathway of the centre of gravity of cultural heritage sites and relics distribution was" North Xinjiang →South Xinjiang →North Xinjiang":Northern-dominated (from Paleolithic to Warring States Dynasties)→Southern-dominated (from Han to Five Dynasties)→Northern equal to Southern(from Song to Ming Dynasties) →Northern-dominated (from Qing to Modem Times of China),and the sites' temporal change was more affected by the human factors.③ The cultural heritage sites of Xinjiang can be divided into six different stages,including the embryonic stage,development,rising,boom,decline,and the peak stages,and it had a good coupling relationship with nature environmental changes,human factor rise and decline.If it was in the good time that element combined between man-earth areal system internal and external environments,political power consolidated,wasteland developed and reclaimed,the Silk Road prosperous and flourishing,climates suitable and appropriate,the cultural heritage sites had risen rapidly (such as Westem Han Dynasties,Sui and Tang Dynasties),otherwise,they grew slowly.This was cultural heritage sites' temporal variation general law.