唐山市钢铁工业发展特征及动力机制分析

唐山市钢铁工业自20世纪80年代以来一直为唐山市的支柱产业,90年代以来,省属特大型企业唐钢和地方钢铁企业都得到了迅速发展,在唐山市经济总量中占据着举足轻重的地位。本文详细分析唐山市钢铁产业的发展过程,探讨改革开放以来影响城市最具代表性产业的驱动因素。研究表明,基于本地化的区域产业基础和国家引导下的制度因素是唐山市钢铁工业迅速发展的主要驱动力,企业在动态的环境中适应和创新的能力则是内在因素。产品结构雷同、彼此利益独立使企业之间面临着激烈竞争,因此建议发挥政府的协调作用,引导地方企业调整工艺流程和产品结构,扶植相关产业,促进区域经济整体发展。

The Characteristic and Mechanism of the Iron and Steel Industry in Tangshan City, Hebei Province

The iron and steel industry has developed rapidly and now become the most important industry in Tangshan city The total production value and the profit and tax are nearly 40 percent in the whole economy of the city It can be divided into three phases during the development of the iron and steel industrial Before the middle of the 1980’s, the state owned enterprise Tanggang subject to Hebei Province is the most dominant whose output proportion of the iron, steel and steel products was 82 12, 96 46 and 88 32 respectively in the whole city, and the production value was about 80 percent in 1985 In the first of the 1990’s, village and town small enterprises developed rapidly driven by the policy supporting the rural industry and cooperative firms and with the aid of Tanggang After the middle of the 1990s’, the whole level of the iron and steel group has improved New firms are mainly near Tanggang and located in the North near the minerals Most of them first engaged in steel rolling or steel making, now have almost the whole working procedure from sinter to the last products The amount of the local iron and steel industry has come up to that of Tanggang in 2001 The main factors to boost the developmemt of the iron and steel industry are the industrial environment and the institution The first includes the industrial guide offered by Tanggang company, the powerful support of relevant industries, abundant labor force and professional human resources, special relationship between Tanggang and its neighbor villages, communication and imitation among the enterprises The last consists of the role of the national policy, the strategy of local government and the institutional innovation of enterprises Apart from these factors, the increasing demand for the steel products promotes the development of the industrial group too The capacity of learning, adaptation and innovation is important to the growth of the local companies How to promote the sustainable development of the companies without connections in the working procedure is the key issue The government should make efforts to build the connection network, set up effective business environment, guide the firms to adjust the structure of products , foster the cooperation of the firms.