我国住宅区日照标准下墙面晴天太阳辐射分析

为研究我国不同地区住宅通过垂直墙面上的窗口实际接受到的太阳辐射量空间分布特征,以卡斯特洛夫公式为基础,建立了各朝向墙面晴天太阳总辐射和直接辐射小时总量的计算方案。使用水汽压和海拔高度拟合了公式中的参数,计算了我国各地满足国家标准对住宅间距要求下的水平面和垂直墙面辐射量,并绘制了分布图。研究发现:大寒日各朝向墙面晴天最大2 h辐射量空间分布受纬度和大气透明度共同影响,青藏高原为全国高值中心,川黔地区为低值中心。在我国东部地区,与水平面辐射量随纬度增加而降低的规律相反,同样是辐射量最大的2 h日照时间,纬度越高的地区南墙面接受的太阳辐射量就越大。与南墙相比,东、西墙面接收的最大2 h辐射量明显偏小,不能发挥阳光对健康和卫生的作用。上述结果表明,从大寒日建筑底层南墙面接收的最大2 h辐射量上看,适当放宽北方地区日照间距标准具有一定可行性。

Analysis of Clear Sky Solar Radiation Received by Wall Surface Under the Sunlight Standard of Residential Building over China

In order to study the spatial distribution characteristics of the solar radiation actually received by windows in vertical walls in different areas of China,based on the Kastrov formula,the calculation methods of total solar radiation and direct radiation of the clear sky in every facing wall was established.The water vapor pressure and altitude were used to fit the parameters of the formula.The horizontal and vertical wall radiation were calculated and the distribution maps were drawn for the residential space requirements in China.The study find that: the spatial distribution of the clear sky maximum radiation amount of 2 hours on the Greater Cold day is influenced by latitude and atmospheric transparency.The Qinghai Tibetan Plateau is the high value center and the Sichuan Guizhou region is the low value center in China.In the eastern part of China,the amount of solar radiation decreases with the increase of latitude,and the amount of solar radiation received in the maximum 2 hours by the south wall becomes larger with the increase of latitude.Compared with the south wall,the maximum 2 hours radiation received by east and west wall is significantly smaller,could not play the role of sunlight on health and hygiene.The results show that it is feasible to relax the sunshine standard of spacing in the northern area of China,according to the maximum 2 hours radiation quantity received by the south wall of building on the Greater Cold day.