中国铁路客运网络组织与空间服务系统优化

以网络组织能力提升对空间服务系统的优化为研究目的,选取中国客运网络中63个城市作为研究对象,用旅行时间Ti、时间区位系数Ati等指标分析铁路提速对客运网络系统优化及其格局的影响,并对北京、上海和广州等8大铁路枢纽城市进行了个案研究。分析发现,提速后:①客运网络系统“时间收敛”效果明显,空间服务优化显著;②优化效果空间分布不均衡,网络结构变化不大,有均衡化趋势。③促进了交通枢纽城市之间的联系,但内部也产生了时间效益差异,“500km半日行动圈”基本形成,“1000km一日行动圈”及北京和上海等大都市交通圈逐渐形成。④在设施系统发展到“普适化”阶段后,组织网络的提升对优化空间服务系统、加强城市间的经济联系,并进而提高运输行业和区域经济的市场竞争力越来越重要;⑤交通枢纽城市的腹地和空间服务范围在扩大,对经济活动空间区位的再选择产生较强的引导力。

Railway Network Organization and Spatial Service System Optimization in China

This paper studies the relationship of network organization and spatia l service system optimization based on analyzing the change of intercity passeng er transport network behind railway's upgrading. The authors choose some indexes , including travel time and the coefficient of temporal location, to evaluate th e benefits of 63 cities, accordingly to the reflection of the optimization and c hange of railway network structure. At the same time, the paper especially studi es eight major transport harbors, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Zhengz hou, Wuhan, Shenyang, Chengdu and Lanzhou. Based on the analysis, we found that: (1) Intercity passenger transport network shows remarkable "time-convergence", an indication of the great optimization of the spatial service system. (2) The i nfluences of optimization's spatial distributions are not equilibrium, the chang e of network structure is not remarkable, but it has the trend of equilibrium. ( 3) Railway's upgrading accelerates the interaction of cities, but the benefits o f eight transport hubs are not the same, either; "500 km half a day of activity circle" has already taken shape, "1000 km a day of activity circle" and metropol itan transport circles such as Beijing and Shanghai are being developed graduall y. (4) After the infrastructure network reaches the "universal" stage, the upgra ding of network organization becomes more and more important to optimize the spa tial service system, accelerate the economic interaction. (5) With the expansion of major hub cities' hinterlands and spatial service scopes, sequentially it wi ll bring strong guidance to relocate economic action.