民国时期上海霍乱频发的原因探略

阐述了民国时期上海霍乱的发生情况,并对其频发的原因进行了研究。研究结果认为,民国时期上海霍乱流行有三个方面的特点:一是频繁,数十年几乎无年不发生;二是死亡人数多,并涉及各色人等,尤以移民、苦力等下层社会群体受害最深;三是成因极为复杂,既有自然因素又有人为因素的作用,如贸易、人口、移民、城市管理、习惯文化、生活方式、社会分层、战争等。多种因素叠加交互作用,使上海成为当时中国三大霍乱中心之一。研究还发现,民国时期上海霍乱不同于一般的传染病,而是现代沿海城市畸形发展的一种城市病,其社会问题的层面要多于自然的层面。

Reason of cholera epidemic in Shanghai during Republic of China

The characteristics and reasons of cholera epidemic in Shanghai during Republic of China are expatiated.It figured out three characteristics: The first is frequent,it occurred every year in dozens of years;The second is the large number of deaths involving all kinds of people and the lower classes such as immigration,coolie and so on suffered the most injury;The third is the extremely complex origin,involving both natural and human factors,such as trade,population,immigrant,city management,custom culture,life style,social lamination,war and so on.The interacting of all factors made Shanghai one of the three biggest cholera centers.This research also discovers that,cholera,different from the common infectious diseases in Shanghai during Republic of China,is one kind of urban sickness from modern coastal city malformed development,which is more concerned with social than natural problems.