南海原油和燃料油对仔虾和仔鱼的急性毒性试验

测定了南海原油、0号柴油和20号柴油对斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon、日本对虾Penaeusjoponicus、刀额新对虾Metapenaeusensis3种仔虾和黄鳍鲷和Sparuslatus、黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus、前鳞鲻MugilOphuyseni和七星鲈Lateolabraxjaponicus4种仔鱼的急性毒性。油类对仔虾和仔鱼的毒性大小顺序均为：0号柴油＞20号柴油＞南海原油。油类分散液的毒性大于其水溶性组分。在曝油的3种仔虾中，刀额新对虾对0号柴油和20号柴油的耐受力最弱，而日本对虾对南海原油最为敏感。曝油仔鱼对3种油类的耐受力顺序为：黄鳍绸＞黑鲷＞前鳞鲻，而七星鲈对0号柴油最为敏感。3种仔虾对油类的耐受力明显低于4种仔鱼。

TOXICITY OF NANHAI CRUDE OIL AND FUEL OILS TO LARVAL SHRIMPS AND LARVAL FISHES

Lethal toxicity of Nanhai crude oil, No.0 fuel oil and No.20 fuel oil to 3 species of larval shrimps (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus japonicus, Metapenaeus ensis)and 4 species of larval fishes (Sparus lains, Sparus macrocephalus, Mugil OPhuyseni,Lateolabrax Japonicus) was measured. The results show that the toxicity of the oils is in the order of No. 0 fuel oil > No. 20 fuel oil > Nanhai crude oil for both larval shrimps and larval fishes. The dispersed Nanhai crude oil and No.0 fuel oil are more toxic than their water- soluble fractions. Among the 3 species of larval shrimps,Metapenaeus ensis is the most sensitive species to both No.0 fuel oil and No.20 fuel oil, while Penaeus japonicus is the most sensitive species to Nanhai crude oil.Tolerance order of the larval fishes to the 3 Kinds of oils is foams latus > Mugil Ophuyseni > Sparus macrocephalus, while the most sensitive species to No.0 fuel oil is Lateolabrax iap onions. In general, tolerance of the laxval shrimps to the oils is lower than that of the larval fishes.