人工湿地处理污水技术及其在吉林省西部应用的可行性研究

人工湿地是通过模拟自然湿地人为设计建造的,利用基质、植物和微生物这一复合生态系统的物理、化学及生物的协调互用,通过过滤、吸附、共沉淀、离子交换、植物吸附和微生物分解来实现对废水的高效净化。通过对吉林省西部湿地的实地考察,对该地的自然、经济、社会状况等条件加以分析,认为人工湿地处理污水在该地具有可行性,不仅具有处理污水的环保效益,而且具有对湿地盐碱化改良、湿地退化遏制的生态、社会效益,改善土壤的理化性质,以及废水资源化用于灌溉、种植芦苇等经济作物的经济效益。最后还对人工湿地的处理技术提出了一些建议并指出其前景及今后关注聚焦点。

REVIEW ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH CONSTRUCTED WETLAND AND ITS POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN WESTERN JILIN PROVINCE

This paper presents a review of the mechanisms and advantages of the constructed wetland (CW), whose components are soils, plants and microorganisms. The purified mechanisms of CW are complicated, including a series of physical, chemical, and bio-chemical processes, such as filtration, exchange of hydronium, sedimentation, adsorption or sorption by plant, microorganism decomposition and so on. The CW has many advantages such as low cost, high efficiency and ecological value. Through the condition analysis of nature, economic level and social, we found that the technology CW is valuable applying in the western of Jilin province. The climate is semiarid and there is a large area of saline and alkaline soil in the western of Jinlin province. The soil is degenerating and the vegetation is degrading. If the waste water is used to construct the wetland, not only the waste water is purified, but also the saline and alkaline soil is improved. After the wetland is constructed, the climate will be humid and the biodiversity will be abundant. We can gain much more product of wetland such as the reed, fish and so on. The purified waste water can be used to irrigate the farmland too. So the ecological, social and economic benefit of CW is very notable. In the end, we provide some suggestions about the technologies of CW and the problems for the future of CW. For example, there is some difficulty when the CW is running in winter of North China. Furthermore the selection and transplantation of local plant is very important for construction of wetland.