中国金刚石资源分布及开发利用现状

为全面了解中国金刚石资源的矿床类型、资源分布特点、储量以及开发利用现状，以期对金刚石矿资源勘查及开发利用有所裨益。采用野外实地考察、文献检索与专家咨询相结合的方法，对我国金刚石资源进行了综合分析整理。结果显示，我国金刚石矿床主要有金伯利岩型原生金刚石矿床和冲积型金刚石砂矿床。原生金刚石矿床最为重要，主要分布于华北克拉通的辽宁瓦房店和山东蒙阴，其次是湖南沅水流域的金刚石砂矿床。中国金刚石产地的勘查和开发利用程度较高，优质金刚石资源已近枯竭，目前可供开发的矿产地有限，找矿突破迫在眉睫。

Distribution and Utilization of Diamond Resources in China

Diamond is the hardest substance on earth, and it is not only a precious gemstone but also has many important industrial uses. Compared with foreign countries, diamond re- sources in China are relatively scarce. The diamond production in China is only 0.1 percent of the world. At present, there are only three diamond fields with economic value in Mengyin of Shandong Province, Wafangdian of Liaoning Province and Yuanshui River basin of Hunan Province. On the basis of the distribution characteristics of diamond resources around the world, the deposit types, resource distribution, reserves, development and utilization of dia- monds in China are summarized by using the methods of field research, literature retrieval and expert consultation. The results show that there are mainly two diamond deposit types in China, kimberlite diamond primary deposits and alluvial diamond placer deposits respec- tively. The most important diamond deposits are kimberlite diamond primary deposits, which distribute in Wafangdian of Liaoning Province and Mengyin of Shandong Province, and locate in North China Craton. The diamond primary deposits exhibit in groups with regularity and reserves account for more than 95 percent. Primary diamond deposits are first to be discovered in Shandong Province, which is the second largest area with diamond resources in China, where Wangcun mine is being mined and the diamond placer has been abandoned. Diamonds reserved in I.iaoning Province rank the first in China, accounting for more than half of the country＇s reserves, but high quality diamond resources have nearly been exhaus ted. Since the economic benefit of mining is low, diamond placer deposits in Hunan Province have been stopped. In recent years, asignificant progress has been made on diamond deposit exploration in China. There are more than one million carats of diamonds reserved in Wafangdian, which is not worthy of being explored and mined. In general, the available diamond resources in China are inadequate, and it is extremely urgent to find new diamond deposits.