时空行为视角下的实时空气污染暴露对居民日常活动满意度的影响研究——以北京市美和园社区为例

已有关于空气污染与幸福感的文献主要使用空气质量监测点的数据探讨基于居住地的静态污染暴露与居民长期幸福感的关系,缺乏考虑时空行为视角下的实时动态空气污染暴露对日常活动满意度的影响机理。根据2017年北京居民日常活动与环境健康调查数据,探讨不同活动属性的主客观空气污染暴露及活动满意度的时空差异,分析基于实时空气污染暴露的社会分异,并利用结构方程模型挖掘个人社会经济属性、居民日常活动特征、以及不同活动地点实时测度和主观感知的空气污染水平对活动满意度的影响机制及作用路径。结果表明：不同社会经济属性群体由于日常活动所处的微观环境不同,承受的实时空气污染暴露存在显著的社会分异;客观空气污染对活动满意度的直接影响并不显著,但能显著影响主观空气污染评价,而主观空气污染评价则能显著降低活动满意度,因此客观空气污染主要通过影响主观污染评价进而对活动满意度产生显著的间接效应。此外,空气污染会调节社会经济属性对活动满意度的影响效应。

Examining the effects of real-time air pollution exposure based on space-time behavior on activity satisfaction using the case of Meiheyuan neighborhood in Beijing

There are some studies examining the effects of residence-based air pollution using fixed-site monitoring station data on long-term wellbeing. However, research on the relationships between real-time air pollution exposure based on space-time behavior and activity satisfaction have been very scare so far. Based on real-time data collected by portable air pollutant sensors in Beijing in 2017, this study measures the real-time air pollution exposure across various activity attributes and socio-economic variables, and investigates the spatiotemporal distinction of activity satisfaction. Furthermore, this study employs structural equation model to analyze the effects of socio-economic attributes, space-time behavior and real-time pollution exposure on residents' daily activity satisfaction. Results show that there are significant differences of real-time air pollution exposure between social groups, mainly due to their different space-time behavior and microenvironments. The direct effect of objective air pollution exposure on activity satisfaction is insignificant, while subjective evaluation on air pollution has a significant and direct effect on activity satisfaction. However, the real-time air pollution exposure has a significant direct effect on subjective air exposure and a significant indirect effect on activity satisfaction. This indicates that objective air pollution negatively affects activity satisfaction indirectly by influencing perceived air pollution. Moreover, air pollution could mediate the relationships between socio-demographic variables and activity wellbeing; for instance, it could significantly lower the activity wellbeing for residents with primary education status.