基于三层级股权关系的长三角城市网络节点地位研究

如何更为精准地刻画流空间视角下城市网络节点地位,是城市网络研究的关注重点之一。本文以长三角地区县级空间单元为研究区域,采用全行业500强上市公司的“母-子-孙”三层级股权关系数据,构建有向加权网络来刻画长三角地区城市间投资联系水平;通过转变中心性与转变控制力对节点城市的网络地位进行分类;最后采用空间计量模型对长三角城市网络节点地位的影响因素进行测算和分析。研究发现：① 长三角城市网络节点地位呈现出“等级+网络”的特征。城市在网络中依旧呈等级分布;然而部分中小城市在网络中地位具有了上升通道,往往可利用资源禀赋使得其获得更高的网络地位,网络结构具有扁平化特征。② 长三角城市网络节点地位特征并没有完全遵循转变中心性与转变控制力的“高-高”“中-中”和“低-低”的匹配关系,而存在“高-中（低）”“中-高（低）”或“低-高（中）”的非匹配关系。③ 城市经济发展水平、人力资本、创新活力、产业结构、城市经营环境和公共服务设施配套情况等会对城市网络地位产生显著的影响。

Node status of the Yangtze River Delta urban network: Through the lens of three-level equity relationship

With industrialization and economic globalization, the network relationship of “time-space sharing” among cities is deepening, and “flow space” is gradually replacing “place space”. The strategic position of cities in the region and even the world affects the investment decisions of enterprises, thus affecting the spatial pattern of urban economy. Whether the status of city node presents a flat network feature or a hierarchical vertical feature has become one of the foci in urban network research. So how to more accurately describe the status of urban network nodes from the perspective of flow space is one of the focuses of urban network research. Taking the county-level spatial unit in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object, this paper uses the three-level equity relationship data of “parent-son-grandson” of the top 500 listed companies in the industry to construct a direct weighted network to describe the city investment network in the region. The network status of node cities is classified by alter-based centrality and alter-based power. Finally, the spatial econometric model is used to calculate and analyze the influencing factors of node status in the Yangtze River Delta urban network. The findings are as follows: (1) The node status of the urban network in the study area presents the characteristics of “rank + network”. The hierarchical characteristics of nodes are obvious. The network status of some small and medium-sized cities has been improved and the network structure has become flat. (2) The node status does not completely follow the “high-high”, “medium-medium” and “low-low” matching relationship, but there are “high-medium (low)”, “medium-high (low)” or “low-high (medium)” unmatching relationship. Non-matching relationship means that cities can obtain asymmetric urban network node status by virtue of natural, economic or political resource endowment. (3) The level of urban economic development, human capital, innovation vitality, industrial structure, urban operating environment and public service facilities have significant impacts on the status of the urban network. In other words, improving the level of urban economic development, ensuring the business environment of the city to attract investment, creating more employment opportunities and encouraging innovative and entrepreneurial projects to be rooted locally are some measures to enhance the node status of urban network.