村镇建设类型划分的理论与方法研究——以江苏省为例

村镇地区是多要素组合的地域单元，由于区位条件复杂多样，资源禀赋差异明显，村镇建设具有多元发展路径。基于资源环境承载力视角，构建了“压力-状态-响应”框架下的村镇建设分类指标体系，采用单向优势指标和复合指标相对优势判断相结合的划定方法，综合考虑国家和省级功能区划、协调乡镇周边区域功能并衔接省国土空间发展战略，以乡镇为分析单元，建立了省级村镇建设分类综合方案，并以江苏省为案例进行村镇建设类型划分研究。研究结果发现，江苏省仅有29.61%的乡镇为明显的单一建设类型，村镇建设的综合性发展态势明显；村镇建设类型具有明显的地域差异，苏北地区主要以居住类乡镇和生态类乡镇为主，苏中地区种植类乡镇和养殖类乡镇居多，苏南地区则集聚了商旅类和工业类乡镇。以此为基础提出不同村镇建设类型的资源环境承载力提升策略。

Classifying Rural and Township Development from the Perspective of Resources and Environmental Carrying Capacity in Provincial China: A Case of Jiangsu Province

Rural and township areas are multi-factor territorial units. Due to the complex and diverse location conditions and the obvious differences in resource endowments, the rural and township development has multiple development paths. This paper constructs a classification index system for rural and township development based on the ‘pressure-state-response’ analytical framework from the perspective of resource and environmental carrying capacity. Taking townships as the analytical unit, the paper adopts a combination of one-way advantageous indicators and composite indicators to determine their relative advantages. A comprehensive program of rural and township development classification at the provincial level has been established, taking into account of national and provincial functional zoning, coordination of function-oriented development of townships and articulation of provincial territorial and spatial development strategies. Jiangsu Province was selected as the case area to classify the types of rural and township development. The results show that there are obvious regional differences in the classifications of rural and township development in northern, central and southern Jiangsu Province, and this was used as the basis for proposing solutions to improve the resource and environmental carrying capacity of different types of township development.