平原农区农业生产系统转型及其环境效应的耦合类型划分

农业绿色转型已经成为乡村振兴与农业农村深化改革的必然选择,亟待探索农区农业生产转型与其环境效应的空间分异规律与地域类型,从而推进农业的高质量发展。本文基于类型学视角采用判别法将黄淮海平原农区的农业生产类型划分为城市近郊现代集约型、城市近郊传统经营型、城市远郊现代集约型和城市远郊传统经营型。从拉力、支撑力及引导力的视角,构建以“发展主体适应-要素变化-环境响应”为主线的分析框架,解读了农业生产系统转型及其环境效应的动力机制和特征。黄淮海平原农业生产系统转型负向环境效应的形成机制为在增产增收的目标导向及区域自然条件约束下,资本、技术及劳动力的非理性投入对农业生态系统的扰动。将农业生产系统转型与环境效应的耦合类型划分为城郊现代集约高强度污染型、城郊现代集约中度污染型、城市远郊现代集约高强度污染型和城市远郊现代集约中度污染型。基于以上分析,从普适性与异质性视角提出了相应的政策启示与优化调控策略,以期实现平原农区农业生产系统的可持续健康转型。

Classification of the coupling patterns between agricultural production system transition and their environmental effects in the plain farming regions

The green transformation of agriculture has become an inevitable choice of rural vitalization and agricultural/rural reforms, and exploring the relationship between agricultural production system transition and its environmental effects is urgently needed, thus fueling the high-quality development. Based on the typological method, this paper divides the agricultural transition models into the transformation from traditional management into modern agriculture in suburban regions and the transformation from traditional management into modern intensive agriculture in exurb regions. The agricultural production patterns in plain regions can be classified into modern intensive agriculture in suburban regions, traditional management agriculture in suburban regions, modern intensive agriculture in exurb regions, and traditional management agriculture in exurb regions. Furthermore, this paper constructs an analytical framework, which takes the “the adaptive reactions of the main body-elements changes-environmental responses” as the mainline, to analyze the mechanism and characteristics of agricultural production system transition and its environmental effects from the dimensions of drawing force, supporting force and tractive force. The mechanism of the environmental effect of the transformation of the agricultural production system in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is the disturbance to the agricultural ecosystem by the irrational input of capital, technology, and labor under the goal of increasing production and income and the constraints of regional natural conditions. The coupling patterns of agricultural production and their environmental effects are encapsulated into modern intensive agriculture in suburban regions with severe pollution, modern intensive agriculture in suburban regions with moderate pollution, modern intensive agriculture in exurb regions with severe pollution, and modern intensive agriculture in exurb regions with moderate pollution. In light of the results, policy recommendations are provided.