Low-cost volcano surveillance from space: case studies from Etna, Krafla, Cerro Negro, Fogo, Lascar and Erebus |
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| Authors: | Andrew J. L. Harris Anna L. Butterworth Richard W. Carlton Ian Downey Peter Miller Pedro Navarro David A. Rothery |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK, GB;(2) Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK, GB;(3) NERC Remote Sensing Data Analysis Service, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK, GB;(4) Nicaragua Land Resources (Fire) Monitoring Project, c/o Servicio Forestal, MARENA, Managua, Nicaragua, NI |
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| Abstract: | Satellite data offer a means of supplementing ground-based monitoring during volcanic eruptions, especially at times or locations where ground-based monitoring is difficult. Being directly and freely available several times a day, data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) offers great potential for near real-time monitoring of all volcanoes across large (3000×3000 km) areas. Herein we describe techniques to detect and locate activity; estimate lava area, thermal flux, effusion rates and cumulative volume; and distinguish types of activity. Application is demonstrated using data for active lavas at Krafla, Etna, Fogo, Cerro Negro and Erebus; a pyroclastic flow at Lascar; and open vent systems at Etna and Stromboli. Automated near real-time analysis of AVHRR data could be achieved at existing, or cheap to install, receiving stations, offering a supplement to conventional monitoring methods. Received: 21 January 1997 / Accepted: 3 April 1997 |
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| Keywords: | Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Volcano monitoring Lava flow Pyroclastic flow Lava lake Active vent |
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