Formate and acetate levels compared in monsoon and winter rainwater at Dayalbagh, Agra (India) |
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Authors: | Nandini Kumar U C Kulshrestha A Saxena P Khare K M Kumari S S Srivastava |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, 282 005 Agra, India |
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Abstract: | A total of 59 rainwater samples were collected during the winter and monsoon (1991–92) at Dayalbagh, Agra. This site is relatively free from the influence of anthropogenic emissions and the volume-weighted average concentrations (VWA) of formate in the winter and monsoon were 22.5±6, 16.1±3 while acetate VWAs were 17.1±5 and 13.8±3 mol l-1, respectively. Although the VWAs varied between seasons, it was not statistically different. Total deposition (in mmol m-2) varied between season (winter formate, 1.4; acetate, 1.1; monsoon formate, 7.4; acetate, 6.4). A difference in VWA values may have occurred as a result of the dilution factor; the total rain depth from collected samples in the monsoon was 46 cm while that in winter was 6.3 cm. Sources at this site may be anthropogenic and natural; scavenging from the vapour phase, washout of soil particles and emissions from vegetative sources are probably important sources for formate and acetate. |
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Keywords: | precipitation formate acetate winter monsoon sources |
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