南极菲尔德斯半岛地区土壤中主要元素的迁移与富集

对 Si、Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、K、Na和 P等元素在南极菲尔德斯半岛地区三个代表性土壤剖面 (不饱和寒冻雏形土、纤维质寒冻有机土和鸟成土 )中的迁移与富集规律进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,本区土壤中物质移动和元素迁移现象明显 ;几种主要元素在不同类型土壤以及同一土壤不同层次中的移动行为有显著差异 ,土壤自由水状况和地表生物活动在元素迁移与富集过程中发挥重要作用。另外 ,在土壤发育和土壤粘粒形成过程中 ,不同元素在不同土壤颗粒之间的再分配现象存在较大差异。

ENRICHMENT AND MIGRATION OF MAIN ELEMENTS IN SEVERAL SOIL PROFILES ON FILDES PENINSULA, THE MARITIME ANTARCTIC

Behaviors of 9 chemical elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, K, Na, P within three soil profiles respectively representative of Dystri gelic Cambisol, Fibri gelic Histosol, Relic Ornithosol and their enrichment and migration in the soil horizons were quantitatively demonstrated by the method of the enrichment coefficient analysis. The results obtained suggest that enrichment and migration of elements differ greatly within profiles of three soil types on Fildes Peninsula. Some elements become intensively enriched within some soils while they get strongly lost from other profiles. It is believed that biological factors play an important role in the enrichment of several elements within some soil profiles. And, as a result of the occurrence of surface and soil water during the three month austral summer, evident percolation and leaching movement cause significant difference in abundance levels of a certain element between different depths. For a better understanding of pedochemistry of the studied elements, the concept of redistributing enrichment coefficient was employed to illustrate the element redistribution between soil and clay fraction along with soil development.