颗粒材料的堆积密度与均匀性研究进展

颗粒是一种常见的工业与工程材料，其堆积密度与均匀性是影响产品和工程质量的重要因素。本文全面回顾和总结了国内外学者在颗粒堆积密度和均匀性方面的研究成果和最新进展。结果表明，颗粒材料的堆积密度与颗粒自身性质（颗粒大小、形状、表面粗糙度等）、容器性质（容器尺寸、形状和内表面粗糙度等）、堆积方法（下落高度、振动条件、装料强度和装填顺序等）、粒径比和粒径级配有关；堆积不均匀性（离析程度）随颗粒粒径差异、密度差异和振动加速度的增大而增大，随粒径范围、粒组数量和振动频率的增大而减小，而受颗粒形状的影响相对较小。对于作为高放废物深地质处置库缓冲/回填材料的膨润土颗粒，科学、高效的颗粒原位填充技术是今后值得深入研究的方向。

A REVIEW ON THE PACKING DENSITY AND HOMOGENEITY OF GRANULAR MATERIALS

Granular materials are widely used in both industrial and engineering fields, where the quality of products and projects are highly dependent on the packing density and homogeneity of the granular materials. In this paper, previous studies conducted by domestic and overseas scholars on the packing density and homogeneity of granular materials are carefully reviewed and summarized. Results in the literature indicate that the packing density are related to the particle properties(particle size, shape and surface roughness, etc.),container properties(container size, shape and surface roughness, etc.),packing techniques(drop height, vibration condition, filling intensity and sequence, etc.),particle size ratio and distribution. The packing inhomogeneity(degree of segregation) increases with the increase of particle size difference, density difference and vibration acceleration, but decreases with the increase of size range, size class amount and vibration frequency, with indistinct susceptibility to particle shape. As for bentonite pellets used in high-level radioactive waste repository, it is worth devoting to improve the scientific and efficient in-situ packing techniques.