自动与人工观测数据的差异

利用全国2 400个国家站自动与人工平行观测期的第二年的对比观测资料，以及基准站1999-2010年所有雨量观测数据，对比分析了自动与人工观测的雨量数据差异，并对基准站雨量数据序列进行了显著性检验。
结果表明：（1）自动与人工观测的雨量数据存在一定差异，且自动观测数据略大于人工观测数据，平均相对差值为1.8%；（2）两者在不同降水等级的月降水量平均差值介于-1.3~3.9 mm之间，当降水等级增大时，两者差值并非同比例增大；（3）两者的月平均最大相对差值为2.9%，最小相对差值为0.8%；（4）两者相对差值的空间分布表明，5月和9月偏差略高于7月；（5）通过对平行观测期的第2年自动月雨量值的显著性检验表明，在显著性水平a=0.05时，全国站点月雨量显著性检验未通过率为2%。

Analysis of the difference between automatic observation and artificial observation of precipitation in China

Using the comparative observation data of 2 400 national stations in China during the second year of automatic and artificial parallel observation period, as well as all rainfall observation data of base stations from 1999 to 2010, the difference between automatic and artificial observation rainfall data are compared and analyzed. The significance of the rainfall data series of the base station was tested. The results are as follows. (1) There is a certain difference between automatic and artificial rainfall data. The automatic observation data are slightly larger than manual observation data. The average relative difference is 1.8. (2) The average monthly precipitation difference between the two groups is between -1.33.9 mm and -1.
33.9 mm. When the precipitation grade increases, the difference between the two is not the same proportion. (3) The maximum monthly relative difference between them is 2.9 and the minimum relative difference is 0.8. (4) The spatial distribution of the relative difference between the two shows that the deviation between May and September is slightly higher than that in July. (5) The significance test of the automatic monthly rainfall in the second year of parallel observation period shows that, at the significant level a=0.05, the unpassed rate of monthly rainfall at national stations was 2%.