超深孔一次成井微差爆破技术研究

起爆时差是超深孔一次成井爆破设计中的一个重要参数，合理设计起爆时差和起爆顺序，能够达到先起爆炮孔为后起爆炮孔创造良好自由面和补偿空间，实现筒状硐室分层、分段爆破的目的，并能降低围岩震动破坏。为合理选取起爆时差，基于超深孔微差爆破破岩机制，从理论上推导了一次成井预裂爆破延期时间，掏槽孔与相邻辅助孔、同分段辅助孔、相邻分段辅助孔的起爆时差等计算公式；同时提出了自下而上预裂爆破、先上下后中间光面爆破等6种一次成井起爆顺序。在华恒矿-650矸石仓，结合施工条件合理确定起爆时差等爆破参数，形成爆破设计方案。爆破过程中实现了分层、分段爆破，获得了良好的硐室成型，验证了形成的超深孔微差爆破技术是成功的，其结果对类似工程的实施具有一定的参考价值。

Study of millisecond blasting technology of shaft Excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting

The detonating delay time of millisecond blasting is an important parameter during shaft excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting.If detonating delay time and detonating sequences are reasonable,the millisecond blasting technology has many advantages.The foregoing blasting can create free face and compensating space for the following blasting to achieve the purpose of layered and segmented blasting.Also,the vibration damage of the surrounding rock can be reduced by decreasing detonated explosive charges in every turn.Based on deep-hole millisecond blasting theory,calculation methods of the detonating delay time of presplitting blasting,cut blasting,the same segmentation auxiliary holes blasting and the adjacent segmentation auxiliary holes blasting of shaft excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting are studied.In addition,six kinds of detonating sequences are put forward,such as bottom-up presplitting blasting,up and down before the middle smooth blasting,etc.The one-step deep-hole blasting technique is seen to meet the requirements in the Huaheng coal mine which proves that this research is applicable to other similar projects.