我国石油资源空间流动的形成机制

石油资源流动是实现石油资源时空配置的过程。从对比21世纪初和20世纪末我国石油资源的空间流动格局入手,分析格局变化特征及其影响因素,在此新格局下,以互动模型(阿隆索模型)为基础,构建区域石油资源流动机制模型,并结合区域的对外交通区位度,将我国石油资源的输流机制划分为供给主导型和交通拉动型,汇流机制划分为交通拉动型和需求拉动型,交流机制划分为递接性交流和集散性交流等类型,并以石油流动形成机制为指导,建议将陕西培养成我国石油资源的东西交流中心,并强化广东省的南北交流职能,以期优化我国石油资源的流动配置水平。

The forming mechanism of crude oil flow in China

According to the comparison of the spatial structures of crude oil flow in China at the beginning of the 21st century and the end of the 20th century, this paper analyzes the changing characteristics of the spatial structure of crude oil flow and its main influencing factors. Based on the analysis, this paper educes a flow model from the Interaction Model (W. Alonso Model) to simulate the regional crude oil flow. This model, together with the conception of Traffic Location Index, aims at analyzing the leading factors in forming regional crude oil flow through calculating the output indexes (ρ₁) or input indexes (ρ₂). The Output Index or Input Index reflects the regional oil transportation condition in support of regional oil output or input, if ρ₁ or ρ₂ >1, then the advantageous regional transportation condition enlarges the output or input, and the forming mechanism of crude oil flow in these regions is called transportation-driven type; if ρ₁ or ρ₂ =1, then the regional transportation condition only supports the output or input of the regions' oil surplus or oil gap, and the forming mechanism of crude oil flow in these regions is called supply-driven type or demand-driven type. Calculated with the data from Regional Energy Balance Table of China in 2006, this paper derives the ρ of every study region, according to which the mechanism of output flow is divided into, the transportation-driven and supply-driven two types, the mechanism of input flow is divided into three types of the transportation-driven, demand-driven and supply-and-demand-driven, and the mechanism of exchanging flow is divided into two types of the handing-on and distributing, and then, this paper analyzes thoroughly the development characteristics of the representative regions of each type. Furthermore, this paper generalizes the spatial diversity of the forming mechanism of oil flow in China, analyses the problem in it, and from a perspective of optimizing the spatial allocation of all kinds of flow mechanism, suggests to foster Shanxi into a new exchanging center between the East and the West China, and to strengthen the exchanging function of Guangdong between the South and the North.