中国外商直接投资的区域分异及其变化

本文分析结果表明，中国的外商直接投资主要分布于沿海地带省区和沿长江流域省区的“Ｔ”型轴线上，９０年代以来呈现由南向北以及沿长江向中西部地带转移的趋势。从传统因素、集聚因素、风险因素三方面分析了我国外商直接投资区域差异形成及其演变的原因，并得到一系列结论与启示。

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CHINA

Massive influx of foreign direct investment (FDI) since her opening to the outside world has made China the largest FDI receiving nation in the developing world. The distribution of FDI in China is highly uneven because of complex regional differences. On the whole, FDI has been concentrated in the coastal provinces and along the Changjiang River, namely in the provinces of Guangdong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shanghai, Shandong, Liaoning, Zhejiang and Hainan. From the 1980s to the 1990s, there was a major shift from the south to the north and the middle reaches of the Changjiang River. This regional pattern is explained by coefficients of elasticity. Using SAS, this paper calculates the relative importance of three sets of factors affecting the distribution of FDI. The traditional factors used include comparative labor cost, market capability and capital productivity. The aggregate factors include infrastructure, the level of economic development and cumulative FDI. And the risk factors include cumulative FDI, the degree of openness, and geo economic factors. The following conclusions were reached. (1) The regional patterns of FDI reflect the existing unbalanced patterns of development. (2) The key factors influencing the patterns of FDI are information cost, market capability and risk factors. (3) A change in the selected factors affected the comparative advantages of regions, which in turn affected the regional patterns of FDI. (4) FDI has moved beyond the early exploratory stage of seeking quick profit to the mature stage aimed at market expansion. (5) The basic patterns of FDI distribution are difficult to change because of the inherent differences among regions.