咸海和巴尔喀什湖水文变化与环境效应对比

以咸海和巴尔喀什湖流域为研究对象,采用定性和定量分析相结合的途径,对两个湖泊的水文特征、主要补给河流的入湖径流特征、流域人类活动情况、生态环境问题及未来趋势等进行对比,分析咸海和巴尔喀什湖流域各方面的异同。研究发现:咸海的水位变化呈现相对单一趋势,从1960年开始急剧下降并于2009年分裂成4个水体;巴尔喀什湖的水位变化呈现明显周期性波动,从1970年开始出现下降并于1987年降至历史最低水位;目前的咸海仍不容乐观并将面临最终干涸,巴尔喀什湖正值丰水期并将进入枯水周期。在咸海和巴尔喀什湖两个跨界河流-湖泊流域的水资源和生态环境保护中,流域各国均负有重要责任。

Comparisons of hydrological variations and environmental effects between Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash

Using both qualitative and quantitative methods this paper investigates the similarities and differences of the Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash through analyzing the hydrological characteristics,runoff features of the main inflow rivers,human activities in the catchments,related eco-environmental issues and the future trends.The results show that,the water level in the Aral Sea decreased sharply since 1960,until a nearly single trend of water level variations.The entire water body of Aral Sea was splitted into f...