试论山地高梯度效应——以横断山地的自然-人文景观效应为例

山地是地球表面具有显著起伏度和坡度的三维地貌体,由于自然要素及受其影响的人类活动随海拔高度和相对高度的变化而产生了梯变现象,形成了山地高梯度效应.山地高梯度效应是表征山地随海拔高度和相对高差变化而导致的自然-人文景观的梯次变化现象,是山地地域系统演变的综合集成效应.横断山区是我国典型的高山峡谷区,山地高梯度效表现显著.山地高梯度效应的内涵包括了能量(山地重力势能、热能、生物质能等)高梯度效应、气候高梯度效应、气候地貌高梯度效应、自然带谱高梯度效应、人文社会经济活动(如土地利用等)高梯度效应、人居环境高梯度效应等.山地高梯度效应研究是响应IGBP、IHDP、GTOS等提出的“全球变化与山区-山地研究倡议”的重要行动,也是山地综合研究的重要途径和方法,对山区自然资源利益、社会经济发展、生态环境建设、山区可持续发展等有着重要的意义和价值.

High Gradient Effects of Mountain Regions[HT4\"H]--Taking the Effects of Nature-Human Landscape in the Hengduan Mountains for Example

Mountain regions were 3-D landforms on the earth,which have obvious undulation and gradient.Because the natural factors and their consequent human activities vary with elevation and relative height,the high gradient effects of mountain regions appear.That is to say,the high gradient effects of mountain regions exhibit the natural factors and human dimension changing with elevation and relative height.These are integrated effects of evolution in the mountain system.The Hengduan Mountains are the typical upland-valley areas,where the high gradient effects of mountain regions are notable.The meaning of the high gradient effects includes high gradient effect about energy,precipitation,temperature,climate,climatic landforms,natural belts,social and economic activities and habitation etc.The energy includes gravity potential energy,heat energy and biomass etc.Research on the high gradient effects of mountain regions is the important activities responding to the \!Global Change and Mountain Regions\" which is put forward by IGBP,IHDP and GTOS.The study on the high gradient effects is an important method to go through the complex research on the mountains.It has great significance in the use of natural resources in the mountains,social economy development,ecological construction and regionally sustainable development.