景观生态学的学科整合与中国景观生态学展望

分析了国际景观生态学三个相互联系的研究领域,指出了各领域的主要研究内容。在阐述景观生态学三个发展阶段的基础上,指出了景观生态学学科发展的基本趋势。从三个方向的整合、时空尺度的匹配、多学科的整合和三个群体的整合4?个方面,阐述了走向整合的景观生态学的发展方向和途径。介绍了当前国际景观生态学研究的热点问题和热点地区,并就中国景观生态学发展的方向和任务提出了作者的看法。

Unification of Landscape Ecology Discipline and Developing Expectation of Landscape Ecology in China

This paper analyzed the main themes of three main research fields in international landscape ecology. Based on the demonstrations of the three developing phases of landscape ecology, the developing trend of the discipline was presented. The total development trend of international landscape ecology is toward unified landscape ecology. The approaches toward the unified landscape ecology were illustrated from four aspects. The first is the unification of three main research fields, which include static research, dynamic research and application research; the second is the matching of spatial and temporal scales in researches; the third is the unification of multiple disciplines; and the fourth is the unification of the three partners, which include researchers, management decision makers and landscape users. As an important part, the focal themes and hot places in landscape ecological studies were discussed. There are six focal themes in landscape ecological research. These include spread, dispersion and the effects of disturbance to landscape patterns and process in landscape; the relationship between landscape pattern and landscape process, in other words, the ecological and environmental effects of landscape pattern; experimental study and the scaling-up of the results; landscape simulation forecasting and planning modeling and the coincidence of these models; the evaluation of multi-value of landscape; effects of human activities on landscape and the ecological planning for landscape construction, conservation, restoration and management. The hot places in landscape ecological studies are catchments and riparian system, wetland system, culture landscape, urban-rural ecoton and ecological fragile districts, keystone and important local natural landscape. Finally, some opinions on the developing directions and missions of landscape ecology were suggested to improve the development of landscape ecology in China. The key point is the development of the landscape construction ecology to present characteristic of Chinese landscape ecology.