《巴黎协定》强化透明度体系的建立与实施展望

以信息报告和审评为主要内容的透明度体系是《巴黎协定》有效实施的重要保障。《巴黎协定》建立了“强化的透明度框架”,并在2018年底达成了实施细则,形成了强化的透明度体系。这一体系建立在既往透明度履约实践基础上,针对缔约方在《巴黎协定》下所承担“共同但有区别”的义务,在为发展中国家提供履约灵活性和支持的情况下,遵循通用的模式、程序和指南。该规则体系有利于提高缔约方履约报告质量和可比性,督促各方履行条约义务,增进全球气候治理多边机制互信。然而这一体系相比既往实践,给发展中国家提出强化要求的同时尚未落实强化的支持,且体系本身的运行效率还有待观察。为此,各国应当做好充分的国内体制机制建设准备,国际社会应当落实对发展中国家履约的支持,强化相应能力建设。

Establishment and implementation prospects of the enhanced transparency system under the Paris Agreement

The transparency system, which mainly includes reporting and review of information submitted by Parties, is an important guarantee for the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement established the enhanced transparency framework and adopted the implementation rules at the end of 2018, forming an enhanced transparency system. Building on existing transparency experiences and practices, this system applies common modalities, procedures, and guidelines while providing flexibility and support to developing countries to enhance transparency, reflecting common but differentiated obligation by Parties under the Paris Agreement. The system is conducive to improving the quality and comparability of Parties’ national reports, urging all Parties to fulfill their obligations and enhancing mutual trust in the multilateral mechanisms of global climate governance. However, compared with the current practice, this system has imposed a strong burden on developing countries while not strengthening respective support, and the overall operational efficiency of the system itself remains to be seen. To this end, countries should prepare for domestic institutional mechanisms, and the international community should continue to support developing countries for their compliance and strengthen their corresponding capacity building.