沙尘暴对天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川环境的影响

基于沙尘暴发生前后在天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川末端采集的7个大气气溶胶样品和在水文断面采集的9个融水径流样品，探讨了沙尘暴事件对天山冰川区大气环境和水环境的影响。结果表明，Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-是青冰滩72号冰川大气和融水径流的主要离子，当沙尘暴发生时，这两种介质中的离子浓度显著升高，而且升高存在同时性。由于影响因素不同，浓度随时间变化的趋势不同，大气环境对沙尘事件的响应能力强，水环境则对温度变化的响应能力更强。通过相关性分析和主成分分析认为，青冰滩72号冰川大气中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Cl^-和SO₄^2-主要以自然源为主；NO₃^-和NH₄⁺则以人为源为主。轨迹分析发现，由源于东欧、西伯利亚经中亚南下的冷气团引发的大风降温天气以及区域沙尘暴对冰川区环境有显著影响。

Impact of sandstorm events on the environment of the Qingbingtan Glacier No.72 in the Mt. Tumur,Tianshan Mountains

In order to analyze the impacts of sandstorm on atmospheric environment and water environment, 7 aerosol samples and 9 meltwater samples were collected from the terminal of the Qingbingtan Glacier No.72 in the Mt. Tumur, Tianshan Mountains. Then the major soluble ions in the aerosol samples and meltwater samples were analyzed in laboratory. The analyses indicate that the anion and cation in air and stream water are dominated by Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2-. According to the analysis of ion, the ion concentration in the two mediums significantly increases at the same time when a sandstorm occurs, but the trend of concentration change is different due to the influence factors different. The response ability of atmospheric environment to dust events is strong, and the water environment is more responsive to temperature change. Soluble inorganic ions, such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^- and SO₄^2-, are believed coming from nature sources; NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ are believed coming mainly from anthropogenic sources. The trajectory analysis has found that the cold air mass originating in Eastern Europe and Siberia can lead to regional sandstorm and have a significant influence on the glacier environment.