玉龙雪山白水1号冰川近地层气象要素变化特征

利用2011年10月1日至2012年9月30日玉龙雪山白水1号冰川海拔4 500 m气象观测资料，对位于我国最南、亚欧大陆距赤道最近的海洋型冰川区近地层气象要素基本特征进行了分析，并与同海拔大陆型冰川——祁连山老虎沟12号冰川区近地层气象要素进行了对比。研究表明：海洋型与大陆型冰川区气温逐时变化呈单峰单谷型分布，均表现出升温快降温慢的特点，观测点5 m层气温高于2 m层气温，二者差值日变化呈单峰型，峰值出现在北京时间12：00；受季风气候影响，研究区干季相对湿度小，湿季相对湿度大，年均相对湿度为73.3%，与相对湿度相比，研究区水汽压变化更受控于气温；两冰川区冬半年气压低，夏半年气压高，均表现为典型的"高山型"气压；受冰川"冷效应"影响研究区干季风速大，湿季风速小，因冰川规模较小，研究区冰川风不发达，谷风发育强劲；受季风期云雨影响，白水1号冰川区总辐射在季风前期达到最大值，季风期达到极小值，年均总辐射量低于老虎沟12号冰川同海拔地区。

Near-surface meteorological characteristics on the Baishui Glacier No.1, Mt. Yulong

The near-surface micrometeorological characteristics at elevation of 4 500 m of the Baishui Glacier No.1, Mt. Yulong, which is the southernmost temperate glacier in China and Eurasian continent, were analyzed using the observed meteorological data from October 1st, 2011 through September 30, 2012. Additionally, in this paper, the similarities and differences of surface micrometeorological features between temperature type glacier and continental type glacier were discussed by contrasting the meteorological data from the Baishui Glacier No.1, and the Laohugou Glacier No.12 in Qilian Mountains. The daily change of air temperature showed a single peak-valley pattern and rising rapidly while descending slowly both in temperature type glacier and continental type glacier. Air temperature at 5 m height was higher than that at 2 m height, and the difference between them presented a single peak with a maximum at 12:00. Controlled by monsoon, relative humidity during monsoonal season was higher than that other than monsoonal season, the mean annual relative humidity was 73.7%. Vapor pressure in the Baishui Glacier No.1 was more sensitive to air temperature as compared with relative humidity. Monthly mean pressure on the two glaciers presented a alpine-pressure style, higher in the warm half year and lower in the cold half year. Influenced by glacier cooling effect, wind speed during dry season was higher than that during wet season. In the study areas, glacier wind was weaker because of the smaller glacier scale, but valley breeze was prevail. The maximum global radiation occured in the earlier stage of the monsoon and the minimum one appeared during monsoon season, which was associated with cloudy and rainy air condition in wet season, and thus the annual mean global radiation on the Baishui Glacier No.1 was smaller than that at the same elevation in the Laohugou Glacier No.12.