多年冻土区线性工程的生态环境影响研究现状与展望

在多年冻土区，线性工程（公路、铁路、输油管线、输电线路等）的修建和运营对沿途周边的冻土热状态、土壤理化性质、水文过程以及陆面过程产生显著影响，生态环境发生明显改变并对冻土的工程稳定性产生显著影响。冻土工程作用下的生态环境变化是冻土学近年来研究的热点之一，通过文献综述，对冻土区线性工程的主要特征，以及近几十年来工程影响下冻土环境和植被变化研究进展与现状进行了总结和归纳，在此基础上，探讨了多年冻土区工程建设存在的主要生态问题。目前，生态环境各要素对工程的反馈研究十分丰富，但是生态环境要素与工程相互作用的机理、过程的研究还需完善。在以后的研究中应重点拓展有效的监测手段，为冻土区生态环境监测和研究服务；同时，在深入理解寒区工程建设对生态环境作用机理、过程基础上，积极开展冻土区工程环境容量阈值评估以及生态环境变化预测研究，为寒区大规模工程建设与生态环境和谐发展提供理论支持与对策建议。

The linear engineering impact on the eco-environment in permafrost regions: research status and prospect

In permafrost regions, the construction and operation of linear engineering (roads, railways, pipelines, power line and so on) significantly affect the permafrost thermal state, the soil physicochemical properties, the hydrological processes and land surface processes along the linear engineering, further visibly change the ecological environment and have a significant impact on the stability of frozen soil engineering. Study on the change of ecological environment under the action of permafrost engineering is one of the research foci of permafrost in recent years. Through literature review, the main characteristics of linear engineering as well as the permafrost environment and vegetation change due to frozen soil engineering are summarized, and the main ecological problems due to the engineering construction in permafrost regions are discussed, including associated research progress and present situation. At present, there are many studies about the feedback of ecological environment to engineering. However, the corresponding mechanisms and processes of interrelation between the elements of the ecological environment and the engineering are still unclear. In the future research, effective testing methods should be developed to provide services for the ecological environment monitoring and research in the permafrost regions. Based on clarification of the mechanisms and processes of engineering acting on the ecological environment in cold regions, evaluation on the environmental capacity threshold and prediction on the eco-environment-changes should be carried out further, which will be helpful for providing theoretical support and countermeasures in harmoniously developing the large-scale engineering and ecological environment constructions.