北京市居住郊区化分布特征及其影响因素

随着城市社会经济和交通的快速发展,北京居住郊区化日益加速。本文根据北京人口迁移、居住区开发建设,并选择四个大型新建居住区住户问卷调查,宏观和微观相结合对北京居住区空间分布特征、影响因素及发展趋势进行剖析。居住区空间以沿各环路圈层扩展、沿向外辐射主干道带状延伸及在现代产业集聚区周边扩展为基本特征。多数居住区规模较小,功能单一。居住区类型日益多样化,且分布趋向区域化。居住区空间分布是多种因素综合作用的结果,随着城市交通网络向外扩展及郊区产业的发展,未来北京居住郊区化仍是呈较快推进的趋势,根据北京可用地资源条件及未来交通网发展及产业布局,居住区发展重点主要在东郊和南郊五环路和六环路两侧,以及顺义、通州、亦庄、良乡等新城。

Characteristics and factors analyses of suburbanization in Beijing

Suburbanization in Beijing region appeared in the early 1980s and has been accelerated since the 1990s because of rapid growth of both its socio-economy and its traffic.In an approach of combining microscopic analysis with macroscopic analysis,this paper examines spatial distribution,dynamisms and future trends of suburbanization in Beijing based on the questionnaires of random-selected residents in newly developed residential areas.The locational characteristics of the residential expansions are such as gradual extensions around the city core,arterial roads outwards,and the modern industrial parks.Most of the residential neighbourhoods are dormitory towns that have simple functions although they vary in types and sizes.Many factors collectively lead to residential areas expansions.For example,high land prices and the relatively scarcity of land,industrial development and distribution,development of the city road systems are primary forces of suburbanization in Beijing region.The eastern and southern suburbs that are around the No 5 loop and the No 6 loop within Beijing region are primary locational choices besides suburban towns such as Shunyi,Tongzhou,Yizhuang,and Liangxiang. Overdispered settlements resulted from suburbanization contribute to land waste and energy waste and environmental pollution,and unfavor public transportation construction and operation as well as other supporting facilities construction.So the following measures are proposed to manage and gradually control urban sprawl in Beijing region.First,relative policies and plans must be made and implemented to minimize over-decentralization of suburban residential neighbourhoods.Secondly,more mixed-use land must be practised in suburban settlements to add more functions there and sub-centers must be planned and built to serve suburban residents.Finally,the city's ecological environment must be protected and highlighted and the city greenbelts must be built to hold up the urban sprawl.