海洋环境有机磷酸酯的来源、分布与生物地球化学过程

继多种溴代阻燃剂加入《斯德哥尔摩公约》持久性有机污染物黑名单后，有机磷酸酯（organophosphate esters, OPEs）作为替代品，生产和使用量日益增加。研究表明OPEs可通过大气长距离传输、河流输运等方式进入海洋环境，并对海洋生态系统产生一定风险。本文详细梳理了海洋大气、水体和沉积物介质，以及海洋生物体中OPEs的含量水平和分布特征，并探讨了OPEs的海气交换、大气沉降、洋流输运等物理过程，以及生物富集与转化、生物泵耦合和微生物降解等生物地球化学过程。考虑到OPEs仍在大量生产和使用并将持续进入海洋环境，系统的海洋OPEs连续监测和生态风险评估亟待开展。

Review of organophosphate esters in marine environment: sources,occurrence and biogeochemical process

As alternatives of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), the production and application of organophosphate esters (OPEs) have increased significantly since several BFRs have been listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention. Recent studies indicated that OPEs could be transported to marine environment through riverine runoff and long range atmosphere transport, etc., posing certain risk to the marine ecosystem. This paper systematically summarizes the occurrence of OPEs in various marine compartment, including air, water and sediments, as well as in marine organisms. The physical transport (air sea gas exchange, atmospheric dry deposition and ocean current transport) and biogeochemical processes (bioaccumulation and transformation, biological pump and microbial degradation) of OPEs were further discussed. Given the continuous large volume production and application of OPEs, this class of compounds will continue to be released into the ocean. Therefore, systematic environmental monitoring and ecological risk assessment of marine OPEs are urgently needed.