厦金海域珊瑚体内重金属水平和分布特征

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了厦金海域8种珊瑚中Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb重金属的含量,通过数据处理、主成分分析方法,分析了重金属分布特征和其主要来源。采用单因子污染指数法对珊瑚重金属的污染水平进行了评价。结果表明,其平均浓度水平从大到小依次为:ZnMnSnCrCuAsNiPbSbCdCo。在8种珊瑚中,星柳珊瑚(Astrogrogia sp.)、等柳珊瑚(Paris fruticosa)、Paraplexaura sp.的重金属含量较高,花柳珊瑚(Anthogorgia sp.)和Guaiagorgia anas的含量较低。台湾海域珊瑚中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni的含量、委内瑞拉海域珊瑚中Zn、Pb、Ni的含量远高于厦金海域珊瑚体内相同重金属含量,大堡礁珊瑚中Cu含量较厦金海域的略高。通过相关性分析发现,Cr、Co、Ni、Zn和Sn的种间差异较为显著。根据主成分分析,厦金海域珊瑚体内重金属元素可能的污染来源有:农业污染、港口生活污水和工业污水的排放、船舶油漆、涂料侵蚀、电镀工业。单因子污染指数法评价结果表明,6种重金属元素中,大佰屿、白哈礁和角屿的主要污染物是Mn。白哈礁、大佰屿站位的珊瑚体内重金属Mn处于重度污染水平,角屿站位的处于中度污染水平。

The level and distribution of heavy metals in coral in the Xiamen-Kinmen sea area

In this study, the content of heavy metals including Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, and Pb in eight species of coral from the Xiamen-Kinmen Sea area was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Their distribution and sources were analyzed and explored through data processing and principal components analysis (PCA). Single factor pollution index (P_i) was employed to evaluate the heavy metal pollution level. The results showed that the level of heavy metals in the coral could be ranked from high to low as: Zn>Mn>Sn>Cr>Cu>As>Ni>Pb>Sb>Cd>Co. Among the eight species of coral, Astrogrogia sp. Parisfruticosa and Paraplexaura sp. had higher levels of heavy metals, while Anthogorgia sp. and Guaiagorgia anas had lower. Furthermore, the levels of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni in the coral of Taiwanese waters and those of Zn, Pb, and Ni in the coral of Venezuelan waters were much higher than those in the coral of the Xiamen-Kinmen Sea area. Also, the Cu content in the coral of the Great Barrier Reef was slightly higher than that in Xiamen-Kinmen Sea area coral. Correlation analysis revealed that the differences among species in levels of Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, and Sn were significant. PCA revealed that agricultural pollution, domestic sewage, ship erosion, paint erosion, and the electroplating industry were the main sources of heavy metal in all the coral. P_i indicated that among the six heavy metals, the main pollutant in the Dabaiyu, Baiha, and Jiaoyu Reefs is Mn. Heavy metal Mn in the coral of the Baiha Reef and Dabaiyu Station was at a serious pollution level, while that of the coral at Jiaoyu Station was at a moderate pollution level.