南京棚户区改造的城市社会空间重构效应

中国2008年开始推进的城市棚户区改造运动,是一项针对城市住房困难群体的重要民生工程,也是有利于拉动投资与消费需求,推动新型城镇化建设的发展工程,深刻影响着城市社会空间的转型升级与分异重构。根据2008—2020年南京主城区434个棚户区改造前后的社会空间属性差异,在整体掌握南京棚户区改造时空特征的基础上,重点探讨棚户区改造产生的城市社会空间重构效应。研究发现：在多主体、多驱力共同作用下,南京城市棚户区改造发挥着改善棚户居民住房条件、挖潜土地价值、提升城市功能品质等积极作用,但在棚户区空间绅士化重构和城市原低收入群体边缘化、集中化安置过程中,可能产生新的城市社会空间发展不均衡和拆迁安置群体保障不充分问题。

Socio-spatial effects of urban shantytown renovation in Nanjing

Shantytown, as a type of urban living space with a history of centuries, is a negative space where the function is gradually declining and most of residents are in poverty. It is the collective embodiment of the imbalanced and insufficient development of urban social space. Therefore, it restricts the high-quality and sustainable development of urban society and economy. The shantytown renovation is a livelihood project and development project aiming to improve the living conditions of the low-income groups having difficulties in housing, and to arouse the motive force and vitality of urban development. It is also a space redevelopment process which is intended to pursue the balanced and sufficient development of urban social space, and it deeply affects the living of shantytown residents and the reconstruction of urban social space. With Nanjing as an example, based on the spatial analysis of 434 land plots of shantytown renovation from 2008 to 2020, in combination with the typical cases of Xijie and Nanhe as well as the questionnaire data of demolition and resettlement residents, and based on the overall grasping of the temporal and spatial characteristics of shantytown renovation in Nanjing, this paper mainly discusses the driving mechanism and social space reconstruction effect of shantytown renovation. The shantytown renovation plays a positive role in improving residents' housing conditions, sufficiently excavating the potential land values, and improving the quality of urban functions, etc. However, the reconstruction of spatial gentrification in shantytowns and the centralized resettlement of the poverty-stricken groups on urban fringes have led to the imbalanced development of new urban space and the insufficient social security for the demolition and resettlement groups. Finally, aiming at the social space problems which will possibly be brought about by the agglomeration of poor groups in suburbs, this paper proposes suggestions on the policy formulation and planning adjustment for shantytown renovation, so as to realize the sufficient win-win results of many stakeholders in shantytown renovation, and promote more balanced development of urban social space.