交通性体力活动与空气污染暴露交互作用下的健康综合效应评价——以南京市为例

针对空气污染问题严重的中国,仅单纯的强调主动式干预建成环境来促进居民体力活动水平,但可能造成居民长期暴露于有害气体中,反而使得居民的健康效益受损。为此,本文以南京市为例,尝试从个体视角分析居民进行交通性体力活动所收获的健康效益。研究发现,并不是只要进行体力活动就是有益身体健康的,需要根据不同的天气状况而定。在空气质量比较好的情况下,体力活动的健康效益占主导地位,而在空气质量比较差的情况下,居民进行体力活动的健康效益不能抵消空气污染暴露造成的危害,活动越多,健康风险越高;在城市内部不同建成环境中进行体力活动的健康效应差异显著,老城区居民交通性体力活动的健康效益高于新城区和主城区,新城区空气污染暴露的健康负效益高于老城区和主城区,而老城区居民进行交通性体力活动的健康“净”效益大于新城区,主城区次之;不同交通小区的健康效应差异显著,体力活动健康“净”效益的热点集聚区是在功能集聚、交通便捷和绿地、水体景观覆盖率较高的区域,而靠近城市主干道、隧道等交通复杂的区域和工业园区是体力活动健康“净”效益的冷点集聚区。本文以期为提出更高效、合理的土地利用规划、设施布局与制定相关的交通政策提供科学依据。

Evaluation of the health effects under the interaction of traffic physical activity and air pollution exposure:A case study in Nanjing

In view of the serious air pollution in China, only active intervention in the built environment is simply emphasized to promote the level of physical activity of residents, but the residents may be exposed to harmful gases for a long time, which will damage the health benefits of residents. This article uses Nanjing as an example to analyze the health benefits of residents’ physical activity in traffic from an individual perspective. The study found that although physical activity is good for physical health, it should be determined according to different weather conditions. In days with good air quality, the health benefits of physical activity dominate, while in days with poor air quality, the health benefits of physical activity by residents cannot offset the harm caused by air pollution exposure. The more the activity, the higher the health risk; the health effects of physical activity in different built environments within the city are significantly different. The health benefits of traffic physical activity for residents in the old city are higher than those of the new city and the main city, and the negative health effect of air exposure in the new city is higher than that of the old city and the main city. The net health benefits of traffic physical activity of residents in the old city are greater than those of the new city, followed by the main city; the health effects of different traffic communities are significantly different, and the hot spots for the net health benefits of physical activity are concentrated in functions, convenient transportation, and green spaces and water bodies. Areas with relatively high landscape coverage, and areas close to urban arterial roads, tunnels and other complex traffic facilities and the surrounding areas of industrial parks are cold spots gathering areas for the net health benefits of physical activity. This article aims to provide a scientific reference for proposing more efficient and reasonable urban land use planning and formulating related policies.