"居住不稳定性"对中国大城市流动人口健康的影响研究

随着城镇化加速和人口“流动性”增强,中国大城市流动人口的健康问题备受关注。流动人口的居住具有典型不稳定特征,分析其对流动人口身心健康的影响具有重要意义。为此,本文采用北京、深圳、上海等9个大城市的实地调研数据,运用层级回归和分组回归,探讨影响流动人口身心健康的因素,关注“居住不稳定性”因素的影响。研究表明：城市内部多次迁居和城市间频繁流动对流动人口健康具有显著负面影响;住房因素中,自有住房和选择居住在本地人居多的邻里对其健康具有显著正面影响。另外,“性别”因素具有调节效应;居住不稳定性对主观幸福感和自评生理健康的影响程度因“性别”不同而有所差异,男性健康对时空因素更为敏感和脆弱,女性健康不佳多归因于住房和邻里。

The effects of residential instability on migrants'health in urban China

Health research has long recognized the importance of residential instability.However,less attention has been paid to disclose their relationships against the background of frequent mobility in urban China.Thus,this study used multilevel linear models and grouping regression to explore the impacts of residential instability on migrants′health based on the data collected from a questionnaire survey involving 9 cities and 2573 respondents.The results were as follows:(1)Migrants in urban China exhibited an ordinary level of subjective well-being(SWB)but reported preferable value in self-rated physical health(SRH).Notably,there were significant differences in health between genders.(2)Migrants′health was affected by sociodemography,residential instability,as well as geographical factors.For instance,migrants working overtime and those living in cities with higher housing prices exhibited lower health outcomes.Married,well-educated,and high-income migrants were happier than the rest of the migrants.No evidence has shown that marital status,education level,and monthly income were significantly related to their physical health.(3)Residential instability had a statistical significance in health outcomes,and the strength of effect varied in different gender groups.In detail,interurban and intraurban mobilities were negatively related to migrants′health in both subjective well-being and physical health.Importantly,these relationships were prominent in terms of males.In other words,frequent mobility can reduce their health.Besides,migrants moving with family members and owning purchased houses exhibited better health than those moving on their own and living in rented houses,especially in female groups.Moreover,migrants residing in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of locals had a higher probability of reporting better health.This result was also obvious in female migrants who concerned more on neighborhood safety.Finally,the number of friends was positively correlated with migrants′health,which implied the health promotion of social capital in cities.All in all,this study confirmed that residential instability had a significant impact on migrants′health and that gender played a moderating role in this relationship.Men were more sensitive and vulnerable to mobility factors,while women′s poor health was attributed to housing and neighborhood instability.Therefore,we call for the government to strengthen the housing attainment,education,medical services,etc.to increase migrants′settlement intentions and reduce the frequency of mobility.On the other hand,community committees should encourage migrants to interact with locals to build a cohesive and supportive neighborhood for health promotion.