黄河流域国土空间开发格局优化研究——基于国土开发强度视角

构建科学适度有序的国土空间格局是实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的根本保证。基于成本-效益理论和空间均衡理论,构建国土开发限度和均衡度评估模型,研究2009—2017年黄河流域国土开发强度。结果表明：① 黄河流域国土空间开发已临近超载,可开发空间用地效益明显偏低。② 黄河流域国土开发空间差异悬殊,与国土利用的经济梯度基本吻合。③ 黄河流域国土开发供给能力总体偏低,水资源保障能力是最大约束。为此,建议：① 引导构筑流域重点保护与整体统筹的国土空间开发新秩序;② 建立流域生态格局、生态空间和一体化治理等长效治理新机制;③ 推进流域、区域以及流域内外竞合空间协同,探索黄河流域高质量发展新路径。

Optimization on land spatial development pattern in the Yellow River Basin:From the perspective of land development intensity

The structure of scientific, moderate and orderly land spatial pattern is the fundamental guarantee for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the cost-benefit theory and spatial equilibrium theory, this paper constructs the evaluation model of land development limit and equilibrium degree, and studies the land development intensity of this basin from 2009 to 2017. The results show that: (1) The land space development of the study area is approaching overload, and the benefit of exploitable space land is obviously low; (2) the spatial difference of land development is quite distinct, which is basically consistent with the economic gradient of land utilization; (3) the overall land development and supply capacity is generally low, and the water resources guarantee capacity is the biggest constraint. Therefore, it is suggested: (1) to construct a new order of land space development combining the key protection with the overall planning of the river basin; (2) to establish a new long-term governance mechanism for the ecological pattern, ecological space and ecological restoration of the basin; (3) to promote the spatial coordination of competition and cooperation among basins and regions, and explore a new path of high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.