中国县级以上行政边界的特征及其变动趋势

行政边界是行政区划的基本要素之一,是国家依法实施有效行政管理的空间基础和重要依据。本研究采用空间分析、基于格网的多元回归分析等方法,对中国县级以上行政边界的特征及其变动趋势进行了研究。结果表明：当前中国仍基本遵循着山川形便与犬牙相入的政区划界原则,总体呈现出行政级别越高,受山川形便的影响越明显,海拔越低,受犬牙相入的影响越明显的基本特征;现有划界方式容易造成生态分割,引发边界争议,行政管理成本较高等问题,不利于区域经济协调发展;山川河流对全国经济社会发展的影响正在减弱,经济社会发展正在逐渐突破行政边界的限制。在未来行政区划调整的过程中,应适时采取跨山跨河的方式设置行政边界,改变犬牙相入的政区设置方式,更加尊重生态环境的完整性和经济社会发展的实际需求。

The characteristics and changing trend of administrative boundary above county level in China

As one of the basic elements of administrative division, administrative boundary is the spatial basis and important basis for the country to implement effective administrative management according to law. This study uses spatial analysis, multiple regression analysis based on grid and other methods to study the administrative boundaries above the county level in China and their changing trend. The results show that: at present, China is still divided into geographical regions and administrative regions according to the natural geographical features such as mountains and rivers. The administrative boundaries were zigzag, as jagged as a dog's teeth. On the whole, the higher the administrative level is, the more obviously it is affected by the principle of the shape of mountains and rivers, the lower the altitude is, and the more obviously affected by the principle of the interlacing of administrative boundaries. The existing ways of dividing administrative boundaries are mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, ecological division frequently occurs, which has negative effect on the overall protection of the ecological environment in the border areas. Problems existing in the current administrative region boundary segmentation approach are mainly reflected in the following aspects. The demarcation principle of convenient mountains and rivers in administrative areas is prone to cause some complete ecological environment units to be divided artificially by different administrative boundaries, which can lead to a variety of inter-regional contradictions, which has negative effect on the overall protection of the ecological environment in border areas. In addition, uneven administrative boundaries undermine the integrity of the economic zone, raise the circulation costs and administrative costs of production factors, which is likely to lead to boundary disputes and interest disputes. At present, the impact of mountains and rivers on the national economic and social development is weakening, and the economic and social development is gradually breaking through the restrictions of administrative boundaries. In the process of administrative division adjustment in the future, administrative boundaries should be set by crossing mountains and rivers in a timely manner, and the way of administrative district setting should be changed, so as to ensure the integrity of ecological environment and the actual needs of economic and social development.