中国春运城际出行网络结构特征与城市角色识别——基于多元交通客流的测度

作为要素流动的载体和空间重塑的主体,春运交通客流更能透视中国区域发展的新情况新问题。基于2017年春运期间交通客流数据,从整体网络、城际联系和城市节点维度对交通客流网络结构特征进行比较分析并综合识别城市地域交通类型。研究发现：① 与公路客流辐射范围和流量相比,铁路客流较大,航空客流较小;交通客流网络趋于发育为复杂网络;公路客流网络以邻省组合型城市组团为主,铁路客流网络主要为跨省组合型城市组团,航空客流网络均为“破碎”组合型城市组团。② 由短途为主的公路客流、中短途为主的铁路客流和中长途为主的航空客流分别构筑形成的区域空间结构具有显著的分化态势和极化现象,主要发生在“胡焕庸线”东南侧城市群内以及城市群之间。③ 在空间距离制约下,基于城市首位联系刻画而成的交通客流网络空间组织模式存在显著差异。公路客流形成5种区域空间组织模式,铁路客流形成多重组合的核心-边缘空间组织模式,而航空客流则形成多重组合的轴-辐空间组织运营模式。④ 城市地域交通类型分化显著,形成泾渭分明的“沉睡”区与“活跃”区,且中心城市和城市群成为集散客流的主要动力。希冀能为新形势下推动形成优势互补高质量发展的区域经济布局提供借鉴。

Structure characteristics of intercity travel network and identification of city role during the Spring Festival travel rush in China:Based on the measurement of multiple traffic passenger flows

As the carrier of the elements flow and the main body of spatial remodeling, the traffic passenger flow during the Spring Festival travel rush can better reflect the new trend of China's regional development. Based on the data of traffic passenger flow during the 2017 Spring Festival travel rush, the spatial structure of the traffic passenger flow network is compared and analyzed from the dimensions of the overall network, intercity connections and city nodes, and the regional traffic types of city are comprehensively identified. The study found that: 1) Firstly, compared with the radiation scope and flow scale of highway passenger flow, railway passenger flow is larger and air passenger flow is smaller. Secondly, the traffic passenger flow network tends to become more complicated. Specifically, highway passenger flow is dominated by city group of "neighboring-province", railway passenger flow is mainly expressed as a "cross-provincial" city group, and the "fragmented" city group is a common form of air passenger flow. 2) The regional spatial structure formed by short-distance highway passenger flow, medium-short-distance railway passenger flow and medium-long-distance air passenger flow shows a significant trend of polarization, which is mainly concentrated in the urban agglomeration and among the urban agglomerations on the southeast side of "Hu Huanyong Line". 3) Under the constraints of spatial distance, there are significant differences in the spatial organization model of the traffic passenger flow network based on the "city’s first contact". There are five spatial organization modes of the highway passenger flow, and the multi-portfolio "Core-Periphery" spatial organization mode is the general form of railway passenger flow, while the multi-portfolio "Hub-spoke" spatial organization operation mode is a typical representative of air passenger flow. 4) There are significant differences in the regional traffic types of city, in which the "sleeping" and "Active" areas of the traffic passenger flow have been formed, and central city and urban agglomeration are the main distribution centers of the traffic passenger flow. This article aims to provide reference for the formation of the regional economic pattern with complementary advantages and high quality development under the new situation in China.