煤矿建设工程地质灾害危险性评估

煤矿区地质灾害类型多,诱发因素复杂,地质灾害危险性评估具有与众不同的特色。以鄂尔多斯某煤矿为例,运用MapGIS的叠加图层功能,对矿区的工程建设场地的适宜性进行了评价。现状评价认为,研究区的地质灾害为地面塌陷和裂缝,危险性小。运用采深与采厚比,预测评价区北部为塌陷区,南部为沉陷区,因9煤组埋藏浅于16煤组,故9煤组塌陷区面积大于16煤组。经过计算,开采最大影响半径为168.5m,因此,评估区范围为井田边界外扩170m。最大冒落带和导水裂隙带高度计算表明,研究区的最大冒落带高度和导水裂隙带高度都小于煤层顶板埋深,不会沟通地表,但区内的部分钻孔会沟通上覆岩层的含水层,存在危险性。综合分析认为,评估区西北部为地质灾害危险性中等区,东南部为危险性小区,并据此提出了留设保安煤柱,落实村庄搬迁等措施。

Geological Hazard Evaluation in Coalmine Construction Engineering

In coalmine areas may have multiple types of geological hazard with complicated causative factors,thus the evaluation of geological hazard has distinguishing features.Taking a coalmine in the Ordos Basin as an example,using MapGIS overlapped coverage function,evaluated the suitability of construction site in the coalmine area.The current situation evaluation has considered that geological hazard in the study area is mainly surface subsidence and fissures,thus small hazard.Using mining depth/thickness ratio,predicted that in the north part of evaluated area is mainly cave in area,while in the south part subsidence area;since the buried depth of the No.9 coal group is shallower than that of No.16 coal group,thus the cave in area of the former is larger than the later.The computed maximum mining radius of influence is 168.5m,thus the evaluation area range should extend out 170m from minefield boundary.The computed heights of caving zone and water conducted zone have demonstrated that they are all less than coal roof buried depth,will not link up to the surface,but part of boreholes in the area may link up to overlying aquifers,thus hazard existed.The comprehensive analysis considered that： the northwest part of evaluation area is medium geological hazard area,southeast part small hazard area,on these grounds,measures of safety pillar setting,villages moving put forward.