华北型煤田煤层开采对含水层的破坏模式研究

华北地区岩溶水系统分布广泛、水质好、水量丰富,是城镇工矿企业的重要水源,也是维护生态稳定的重要因素。华北型煤田大部分位于岩溶水系统之中,煤炭开采时水患与缺水并存,煤水矛盾突出。在总结了华北型煤田中煤炭基地的煤层及含水层发育情况的基础上,根据岩溶水系统的补径排条件、煤层分布区与岩溶水补给区的位置关系、地形地貌等因素,将采煤对岩溶含水层破坏类型分为三种类型:直接破坏、间接破坏型和无影响型;按地下水类型划分;将煤层开采对含水层的破坏模式划分为破坏顶板孔隙水、破坏底板岩溶水及破坏岩溶水、裂隙水、孔隙水3类,近而根据含水层性质及埋藏条件,含水层与煤层的位置关系,对煤矿开采对区域含水层破坏的模式划分了亚类。在进行含水层破坏类型和破坏模式划分的同时,也对各类型的特征进行较为详细的说明,为该区的煤炭开采和水资源的保护指明了方向。

A Study on Coal Mining Aquifer Destruction Mode in North China Typed Coalfields

The karst water system is widely distributed in North China with good water quality, large amount of water, thus an important water source for cities, towns, industrial and mining establishments, as well as a major factor in maintenance of ecological stability. Most of the North China typed coalfields are situated in karst water systems, inundation and water shortage are coexisting during the coal mining, thus the conflict is standout between coal and water. Based on coal seam and aquifer development sum-up, according to karst water system recharge, runoff and drainage conditions, locality relation between coal distribution and karst water recharging area, as well as relief and landform factors, partitioned the destruction of coal mining on karst aquifer into 3 types： direct destructive, indirect destructive and nondestructive. Based on groundwater type partition, divided the destruction mode into 3 types of destructed roof pore water, destructed floor karst water and destructed karst water, fissure water and pore water. Then according to aquifer property and buried condition, locality relation between aquifer and coal seams have partitioned the destruction mode of coal mining on regional aquifer into subgroups. Meanwhile, the characteristics of various types have been narrated in detail, thus pointed out the orientation of coal mining and water resource protection in the area.