基于生计资产量化的农户分化研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区白林村471户农户为例

农户生计资产的配置结构及其空间分布特征决定着农户生计发展的资源优势和空间可能性,依据农户生计资产结构可以准确地识别其分化情景。研究采用"PRA+3S"相结合的方法,以地理坐标为标识码,建立农户属性与地块空间数据相链接的"农户-土地"数据库,对农户生计资产配置结构、农户类型划分、农户空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)农户生计资产配置结构差异明显,113户农户自然资产产值高于平均值,趋于发展农业生产;108户农户各项资产处于平均水平,主要向兼业发展;250户农户自然资产小于0.1,趋于发展非农生产;(2)依据农户生计发展趋势将其划分为农业多样化发展型(16%)、农业专业化发展型(8%)、兼业化发展型(23%)、非农多样化发展型(31%)、非农专业化发展型(22%)。

Research on rural household differentiation based on the quantification of livelihood assets: Evidence from 471 rural households in Bailin village, Shapingba district, Chongqing City

It is feasible to distinguish the trends of households' livelihood diversification and the situation of household differentiation according to the allocation structure of their livelihood assets for it is the decisive factor of the superior asset and possible space for livelihood development.Therefore,by adopting the methods of "PAR+3S" and utilizing geo-coordinates as the identification code,this paper sets up a geo-database of "household and land" by linking the households' livelihood assets attribution and spatial information of land managed by households,and then analyzes the allocation structure of households' livelihood assets,the classification of household types and the characteristic of their spatial distribution.It comes to the conclusion as follows.Firstly,the change of rural households' livelihood differentiates greatly due to the different allocation structures of farmers' livelihood assets.A total of 113 households' natural assets were above the average,so rural households of this group tend to develop agricultural production.Totally,108 households' livelihood assets were at the average level and the main direction of such kind was to develop part-time production.some 250 households' natural assets were less than 0.10,so they were going to develop non-agricultural production.Secondly,based on the change trend of rural households' livelihood,the rural households can be divided into five groups,with the rural households developing diverse agricultural production(16%),those developing agricultural specialization(8%),those trying part-time development(23%),those developing diverse non-agricultural production(31%),and those developing non-agricultural specialization(22%),respectively.