明清时期凉山地区水旱灾害时空分布特征

在对四川凉山地区明清时期地方志及四川省志、档案材料、水旱灾害调查材料、今人水旱灾害史料汇编、旱涝分布图集、相关论著等所载水旱灾害史料搜集整理基础上,对四川凉山地区明清时期水灾和旱灾时空分布特征进行了量化统计分析。研究表明:明清时期四川凉山地区水旱灾害频发,而水灾较旱灾更为频繁;水旱灾害发生时间主要集中在春夏季节,其他季节分布较少;水灾与旱灾多隔年发生,较少同年爆发;水旱灾害等级以一般性水旱灾害和大水旱灾害为主,特大水旱灾害相对较少;水旱灾害多发地带集中在金沙江下游一带、安宁河流域一带,其他地域相对较少。明清时期四川凉山地区水旱灾害发生规律对当前凉山地区水旱灾害的防灾减灾具有一定的借鉴意义。

Spatial and temporal distributions of floods and droughts in Liangshan in Ming and Qing dynasties

Based on the historical data of floods and droughts collected from local records in Liangshan area of Sichuan Province,archival materials,investigation materials,collections of floods and droughts,atlas and books written by current authors,the article made a statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of floods and droughts in Liangshan in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Results are shown as follows.(1) Floods and droughts happened frequently and there were more floods than droughts in this area in Ming and Qing dynasties.(2) Most of the floods and droughts were observed in spring and summer.(3) Most of floods and droughts did not happen in the same year.(4) Most of the flood and drought disasters were at normal and severe degrees,and there were relatively few extremely severe disasters.Most of floods and droughts happened in the lower Jinsha River basin and Anning River basin.The studies on the historical floods and droughts in Liangshan might be helpful to prevent and alleviate the damages induced from these disasters in the area at present.More attention should be paid to the following aspects.Flood disasters should be concerned more than drought disasters in this area.All the construction works prepared for the flood and drought disasters should be done before spring.The lower Jinsha River basin and Anning River basin should get priority in funds and personnel arrangement.Some topics related to this article,such as what causes the spatial and temporal distribution of floods and droughts,and what people can do to deal with flood and drought disasters in Liangshan,need to be further studied in the future.