基于DPSIRM模型的社区人居环境安全空间分异——以大连市为例

以DPSIRM因果关系模型拟定指标体系,运用模糊层次分析法和综合比较法赋权并量化计算,基于地理信息系统空间分析方法,对大连社区人居环境状况和全空间分异格局进行研究,结果表明:大连市社区人居环境安全单元分为五个类别,即社区人居环境安全评价很差单元、社区人居环境安全评价较差单元、社区人居环境安全评价过渡单元、社区人居环境安全评价较好单元、社区人居环境安全评价优良单元;大连市人居环境安全的空间分布中各分区所占的比例为:人居环境安全区30.598%,人居环境较安全区30.232%,人居环境安全过渡区9.678%,人居环境较不安全区12.299%,人居环境不安全区17.193%;南部滨海区人居环境安全好,北部城乡结合部人居环境安全差,呈现由南向北递减趋势;中部是国家森林公园等植被覆盖好的区域,人居环境安全好。研究表明本文所建评价模型具有普遍性,可用于不同社区人居环境因子的评价与比较。

Assessment on spatial differences of human settlement environment in communities based on DPSIRM model:The case study of Dalian

The urban human settlement environment system is a fragile unstable ecosystem.Compared with the natural one,the urban human settlement environment system has many unique characteristics,such as a high consumption of energy and material,serious environmental pollution and a low reserve of natural resources.It is the preferred strategy for many countries,especially for the developing countries,to give energetic support to improve the level of urbanization,while there are still some other things making people anxious,such as the potential eco-environmental problems caused by rapid urbanization.The rapid urbanization process has resulted in urban human settlement environment even worsening.The spatial differences in urban human settlement environment security are getting increasingly conspicuous.This paper analyzes the pros and cons of some causal chain structure models,such as PSR,DSR and DPSIR,and builds a new urban human settlement environment security assessment model—DPSIRM(Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response-Management) model,a causal network model combined with GIS spatial analysis method,which reflects the health state of the urban human settlement environment system in Dalian City.We can draw following conclusions.The network model is proposed by way of studying the characteristics of chain models in the past,in terms of the complexity of urban human settlement environment system.A assessment indicators system of the "Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response-Management" model was built,which presents that human beings play an essential role in urban human settlement environment security.DPSIRM model reveals the intrinsic relations among all indicators and intrinsic relations between the problem of urban human settlement environment security and the indicators.A fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is applied to indicate weights by a comprehensive and comparative method for results.It is shown that the state of ecological health and spatial differences of urban human settlement environment security with GIS spatial analysis method,as well as the urban management play the essential role in the urban human settlement environment security.