广州会展企业空间集聚特征与影响因素

会展业是现代服务业重要内容之一,近年来在中国得到快速发展,主要中心城市特定区域的集聚态势十分明显。以广州市会展企业名录为数据基础,借助GIS技术,运用空间点格局分析及问卷调查等方法,探讨了1991-2001 年间广州市会展企业的空间集聚特征及影响因素。研究发现,① 广州会展企业具有明显的空间集聚性,并呈现由“单中心集聚”到“多中心集聚”的演变;② 集聚与扩散并存,会展企业的空间集聚程度并没有因为空间范围的扩展而降低,而是在扩散中集聚-在向城市新区扩散的同时,老区的集聚在不断加强;③ 会展企业集聚区可分为展馆依托型和CBD依托型两种主要集聚类型,各集聚区的规模和强度具有明显差异;④ 影响会展企业集聚的因素包括会展服务设施、整体商务环境、外部经济性、政府行为和人力资源5 个方面。从包含的具体因素来看,大型展馆和交通条件对会展企业的区位选择具有显著影响,而获得高素质的劳动力、政府的政策和资金支持以及地价和房租等因素的影响并不明显。

The agglomeration characteristics and influencing factors of exhibition enterprises in Guangzhou

Exhibition industry is one of the important parts of modern service industry. In recent years, it is developing rapidly and the agglomeration trend in some particular areas of the main center cities is very obvious in China. Based on the data of Guangzhou exhibition enterprises and GIS technology, and using spatial point pattern analysis and questionnaires, this paper discusses the agglomeration characteristics and influencing factors of Guangzhou exhibition enterprises during 1991-2001. Research shows that: (1) Guangzhou exhibition enterprises are significantly agglomerated, and the spatial pattern has been changed from single-center to multi-center agglomeration; (2) Concentration and diffusion coexist. Agglomeration degree of Guangzhou exhibition enterprises does not decrease due to expansion of spatial scale. On the contrary, it diffuses to a new area while constantly strengthening the agglomeration in old areas; (3) Agglomeration areas of exhibition enterprises are divided into two agglomerate types, namely venues-relying type and CBD-relying type, both of which vary in scale and strength of agglomeration; (4) The influencing factors of exhibition enterprises agglomeration include five aspects: exhibition service facilities, overall business environment, external economies, government action and human resources. On the aspect of concrete factors, large exhibition hall and traffic conditions significantly influence the location of exhibition enterprises. But qualified labor force, policy and financial support of the local government, land price and rent have relatively less influence.