拉伸盆地模拟理论基础与新进展

作为一种重要的盆地类型，拉伸盆地的理论模型和模拟研究发展迅速，已形成了较完善的系统理论。岩石圈拉伸的动力学模型主要包括：（１）瞬时或非瞬时的均匀纯剪拉伸模型；（２）双层或非均匀的纯剪拉伸模型；（３）拆离的简单剪切模型；（４）拆离－纯剪切模型；（５）简单剪切－纯剪切悬臂梁模型等。岩石圈的纯剪切和简单剪切代表了岩石圈变形的两个端元。拉伸过程中的减压熔融对盆地演化可产生重要影响。这些理论模型构成了拉伸盆地计算机模拟的理论基础。应用正演的理论模型与反演的回剥法相结合的模拟技术，可动态和定量地重塑盆地的形成演化，精确地预测沉积盆地的沉降过程、盆地构造格架、岩石圈深部结构以及热流分布等。这项研究已显示出巨大的、深远的研究和应用前景。

QUANTITATIVE STRETCHING MODELS AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RIFT BASIN

Numerical models and computer modelling technique for extensional basin andrecent advances in this aspect have been discussed in this paper.The lithospheric stretch-ing models of rift basin mainly include:(1)instantaneous and finite rate uniform pureshear;(2)two-layered or non-uniform pure shear;(3)detachment simple shear;(4)de-tachment simple shear-pure shear and(5)simple shear/pure shear cantilever models. Thepure shear and simple shear models are the two-end members. Combined with backstrip-ping method,these variable stretching models with multiple rifting episodes can be com-puterised to reconstruct and precisely predict the evolution and thermal history of rifting basin.