全球海域风能资源在不同季节的等级区划

在资源危机愈演愈烈的时代背景下，积极开发利用可再生能源将会对缓解能源危机、环境危机做出有益贡献，同时也必将成为“21世纪海上丝绸之路”建设的新亮点。利用来自欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的ERA-Interim风场资料，本文制作了全球海域风能资源的年等级区划、季节等级区划。结果表明：从多年平均状态来看，全球海上风能资源的潜力巨大，南北半球西风带海域的风能等级为7级（最优等级）；中低纬大部分海域也比较乐观，多在4级以上；北冰洋的风能资源为4级，比传统估值乐观。北半球西风带7级风能资源的范围具有较大的季节性差异：1月最广，4月和10月次之，7月最小；南半球西风带的季节性差异则相对较小：7月相对最大，其余月份略小于7月。7月，阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾的风能资源都属于7级，明显比其余代表月丰富。4月和10月，北印度洋的风能资源整体贫乏，大部分区域为1级（最贫乏）。

A seasonal grade division of the global offshore wind energy resource

Under the background of energy crisis, the development of renewable energy will significantly alleviate the energy and environmental crisis. On the basis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-interim) wind data, the annual and seasonal grade divisions of the global offshore wind energy are investigated. The results show that the annual mean offshore wind energy has great potential. The wind energy over the westerly oceans of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is graded as Class 7 (the highest), whereas that over most of the mid-low latitude oceans are higher than Class 4. The wind energy over the Arctic Ocean (Class 4) is more optimistic than the traditional evaluations. Seasonally, the westerly oceans of the Northern Hemisphere with a Class 7 wind energy are found to be largest in January, followed by April and October, and smallest in July. The area of the Class 7 wind energy over the westerly oceans of the Southern Hemisphere are found to be largest in July and slightly smaller in the other months. In July, the wind energy over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is graded as Class 7, which is obviously richer than that in other months. It is shown that in this data set in April and October, the majority of the northern Indian Ocean are regions of indigent wind energy resource.