Isotopic and geochemical zoning of Devonian magmatism in the Altai–Sayan rift system: Composition and geodynamic nature of mantle sources |
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Authors: | A A Vorontsov V V Yarmolyuk G S Fedoseev A V Nikiforov G P Sandimirova |
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Institution: | 1.Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences,Irkutsk,Russia;2.Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry (IGEM),Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia;3.Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,Novosibirsk State University,Novosibirsk,Russia |
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Abstract: | Based on the systematic investigation of the geochemical and isotopic (Sr and Nd) characteristics of basic rocks from various
volcanic areas of the Devonian Altai-Sayan rift system, the compositions of mantle magma sources were characterized, and the
geodynamic scenarios of their entrainment into rifting processes were reconstructed. It was found that the titanium-rich basic
rocks (2.5 < TiO2 < 4.2 wt %) of this region are enriched in lithophile trace elements, including the rare earth elements, compared with N-MORB
and are similar in composition to intraplate subalkali basalts of the OIB type. In contrast, moderate-titanium basic rocks
(1.1 < TiO2 < 2.5 wt %) are mainly depleted in the highly charged incompatible elements Th, U, Nb, and Ta (La/Yb = 1.2−2.2) and, to a
lesser extent, in Zr, Hf, and LREE ((La/Yb)N < 7), but are enriched in Ba. With respect to these characteristics, the moderate-titanium basites are similar to rocks formed
in subduction environments. The geochemical parameters of the basites are strongly variable, which probably reflects the heterogeneity
of the mantle sources that contributed to the formation of the rift system. In particular, the most notable variations in
rock composition related to an increase in the contribution of an OIB-type source to magma composition were observed in the
eastern direction, i.e., inland from the paleocontinent margin. The isotopic composition of the basites is relatively stable
within individual rift zones and significantly variable at a comparison of rocks from different zones of the region. Based
on the isotopic characteristics of the rocks, three melt sources were identified. One of them is chemically similar to the
PREMA and is a common component in all observed trends of isotopic variations, irrespective of the position of the particular
assemblage in the structure of the region. This component dominates the composition of the titaniumrich basalts with geochemical
signatures of the derivatives of enriched mantle reservoirs of the E-MORB and OIB types and is considered as a plume source.
Two other isotopic melt sources are related to subduction processes, which is indicated by their dominance during the formation
of the moderate-titanium basalts showing the geochemical signatures (primarily, Ta-Nb depletion) of typical volcanic-arc rocks.
These differences are consistent with the formation of the Altai-Sayan rift system in a complex geodynamic setting, which
developed under the influence of intraplate magma sources (mantle plume) on the region of melt generation in an active continental
margin (subduction zone). |
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