我国历史农业灾害信息化资源开发与利用

农业灾害历史资源可用于灾荒历史、农业灾害风险评估、区域社会经济可持续发展等项目研究中,其开发和信息化利用是农业灾害研究和农业减灾实践领域极为重要的基础性工作。我国历史灾荒资料具有数量多、分布广、连续性强、记录信息全面等特点,据此可以建立3种自然灾害历史资源数据库,面对灾害研究和减灾实践工作者开放,实现自然灾害资源共享,彻底解决我国历史灾荒资源难以充分开发利用的问题。（1）通过对自然灾害史料的全面普查和评估,按照农业气象灾害、农业生物灾害、农业环境灾害和农业减灾防灾四项确立自然灾害历史文献数据库。（2）以此为基础对所能利用的灾害史料进行信息化处理,依据灾期、灾区、灾种、灾情四大要素分类编排,建立自然灾害历史信息数据库。（3）借鉴历史灾荒资料灾度等级量化方法,开展历史灾荒评估工作,对灾害信息数据库中的全部资料分等定级,建立历史自然灾害量化数据库。利用这三种数据库建立研究平台,开展历史农业灾害时空分布、农业灾害风险评价等研究工作。

INFORMATION RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF HISTORICAL AGRICULTURAL DISASTERS IN CHINA

Resources of historical agricultural disasters can be used in the studies of famine history,disaster risk assessment and regional socio-economic sustainable development projects,its development and informatization are extremely important basic work in agricultural disaster research and mitigation practices.Based on the characteristics of large quantity,widely distribution,well continuity and comprehensive record,three kinds of natural disasters historical resource databases can be build.Based on the comprehensive survey and data evaluation,the historical document database is established as agro-meteorological disasters,agro-biological disasters,agro-environmental disasters and agricultural disaster prevention and reduction.As the basis of this database,disaster data can be informationized and the historical disaster information database was established.Using the method of disaster grade quantification,all the disaster databases are graded and the quantitative historical disasters database was established.These three databases can be used to study the spatial and temporal distribution of historical disaster and disaster risk assessment.