黄山雾凇气候特征及旅游气象指数预报

利用1956年至2018年黄山风景区气象观测资料,分析了黄山雾凇气候变化特征。结果表明: 黄山年均雾凇日数63.3天,最多年份为82天,最少为35天,年雾凇日数呈减少趋势;雾凇出现最早月份在10月,最迟在5月,冬季月份雾凇日数占全年约为7成,最多为1月,最少为5月;黄山雾凇的平均初日为11月7日,最早初日为10月8日,平均终日为4月7日,最迟终日为5月12日,连续最长雾凇日数为32天;近20年黄山雾凇出现气温范围为-18.7～1℃,风速范围为0～20.6m/s,任何风向均能出现雾凇;南北向的雾凇直径、厚度和重量略大于东西向,最大值出现在1、2月份,最大直径为230mm,最大厚度为105mm,最大重量为1138g/m。气温、湿度和风速均与雾凇强度呈现显著性相关,最低气温和水汽条件是影响黄山雾凇形成的关键气象因子,风速主要影响雾凇大小。占绝大多数的微量雾凇日数达不到雾凇景观标准,能形成雾凇景观的日数年均20.1天。利用影响雾凇景观形成的关键气象因子建立了黄山雾凇旅游气象指数,经实践检验准确率良好,可为气象业务应用提供预报参考,提升黄山旅游气象服务品质。

Climate Characteristics and Forecast of Tourism Meteorological Index of Rime in Huangshan scenic area

The meteorological observation data was used to analyze the characteristics of climate change rime of Huangshan Scenic Area from 1956 to 2018. The results show that: the annual average rime days of Huangshan Mountain is 63.3 days, the maximum number of years is 82 days, the minimum is 35 days, and the number of rime days decreases. The earliest months of rime appear in October, the latest in May, and the rime days in winter months account for the whole year. About 70%, up to January, at least May; Huangshan rime"s average first day is November 7, the earliest first day is October 8, the average day is April 7th, and the latest day is May 12th The longest continuous rime days are 32 days; in the past 20 years, the temperature range of Huangshan rime is -18.7~1 °C, the wind speed range is 0~20.6m/s, rime can occur in any wind direction; the diameter and thickness of rime in north-south direction The weight is slightly larger than the east-west direction, the maximum value appears in January and February, the maximum diameter is 230mm, the maximum thickness is 105mm, and the maximum weight is 1138g/m. Temperature, humidity and wind speed are significantly correlated with the intensity of rime. The minimum temperature and water vapor conditions are the key meteorological factors affecting the formation of haze in Huangshan. The wind speed mainly affects the size of haze. The majority of the micro-haze days do not reach the standard of rime landscape, and the number of days that can form a hazy landscape is 20.1 days per year. The tourism meteorological index of Huangshan rime was established by using the key meteorological factors affecting the formation of rime landscape. The accuracy of practice test is good, which can provide forecasting reference for meteorological service application and improve the quality of Huangshan tourism meteorological service.